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Surface water

prefLabel	surface water
definition	All waters on the surface of the Earth found in streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, marshes or wetlands, and as ice and snow.
relatedMatch	Surface Water Processes/Measurements Surface Water Features Total Surface Water Surface Water Chemistry
related	water efficiency water use
narrower	salt water transitional waters inland water drainage water thermal water seepage water brackish water freshwater
inScheme	GEMET Vocabulary
closeMatch	Surface Water
broader	water (geographic)
Abstract from DBPedia	Surface water is water located on top of land forming terrestrial (inland) waterbodies, and may also be referred to as blue water, opposed to the seawater and waterbodies like the ocean. The vast majority of surface water is produced by precipitation. As the climate warms in the spring, snowmelt runs off towards nearby streams and rivers contributing towards a large portion of human drinking water. Levels of surface water lessen as a result of evaporation as well as water moving into the ground becoming ground-water. Alongside being used for drinking water, surface water is also used for irrigation, wastewater treatment, livestock, industrial uses, hydropower, and recreation. For USGS water-use reports, surface water is considered freshwater when it contains less than 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of dissolved solids. There are three major types of surface water. Permanent (perennial) surface waters are present year round, and includes lakes, rivers and wetlands (marshes and swamps). Semi-permanent (ephemeral) surface water refers to bodies of water that are only present at certain times of the year including seasonally dry channels such as creeks, lagoons and waterholes. Man-made surface water is water that can be continued by infrastructures that humans have assembled. This would be dammed artificial lakes, canals and artificial ponds (e.g. garden ponds) or swamps. The surface water held by dams can be used for renewable energy in the form of hydropower. Hydropower is the forcing of surface water sourced from rivers and streams to produce energy. 表流水（ひょうりゅうすい、英語: Surface Water）とは、河川や湖沼の水のように完全に地表面に存在している水のことで、特に停滞していない水（流れを確認することが可能である水）のことをいう。地表水とほぼ同義であるが、地表水が一部の湖沼水や水たまりなどの停滞した水を含むのに対して、表流水には停滞した水は含まない。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Surface_water)
related datapublication(s) found by skos:relatedMatch or skos:closeMatch)	Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds625.0/) Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project, Monthly Means (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds625.1/) ERA-Interim Project (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.0/) ERA-Interim Project, Monthly Means (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.1/) ERA-Interim Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Time Series (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.2/) JRA-55: Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, Daily 3-Hourly and 6-Hourly Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.0/) JRA-55: Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, Monthly Means and Variances (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.1/) JRA-55C: The Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Using Conventional Data Only (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.2/) JRA-55C: Monthly Means and Variances (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.3/) JRA-55AMIP: Monthly Means and Variances Including Diurnal Statistics (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.5/) WCRP and WWRP THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds629.0/) WCRP and WWRP THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600 by 800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds629.1/) WCRP and WWRP THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 3-Hourly Surface Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600 by 800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds629.5/) ERA5 Reanalysis (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds630.0/) Arctic System Reanalysis version 2 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds631.1/) ERA5 Reanalysis (0.25 Degree Latitude-Longitude Grid) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds633.0/) Cogley and Briggs Global 1-Degree Precipitation Climatology and Topography (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds768.0/) FSL MAPS Analysis Products, 40 km, 3-hourly (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds070.0/) NCEP GDAS/FNL 0.25 Degree Global Tropospheric Analyses and Forecast Grids (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds083.3/) NCEP GFS 0.25 Degree Global Forecast Grids Historical Archive (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds084.1/) NCEP GDAS/FNL Global Surface Flux Grids (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds084.4/) NMC MRF Global Flux Fields, daily 1990Mar-1999Feb (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds084.5/) NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis Products, 1948-continuing (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds090.0/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 6-hourly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.0/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Selected Hourly Time-Series Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.1/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Monthly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.2/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) 6-hourly Products (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds094.0/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) Selected Hourly Time-Series Products (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds094.1/) ECMWF's Operational Model Analysis, starting in 2011 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds113.0/) ECMWF IFS CY41r2 High-Resolution Operational Forecasts (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds113.1/) ERA-40 Global Surface and Flux Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/) ERA-40 Surface and Flux Forecast Fields (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds121.0/) ERA-40 Monthly Means of Surface and Flux Forecast Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds122.0/) ERA40 T85 6-hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds124.0/) ERA40 T85 Monthly Mean Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds126.0/) ERA40 T106 6-hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds127.0/) NOAA CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version 1 (1908-1958) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds131.0/) NOAA CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version 2 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds131.1/) NOAA/CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version 2c (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds131.2/) CORE.2 Global Air-Sea Flux Dataset (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds260.2/) Global Oceanographic Data Set Atlas (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds279.0/) Climate Model Outputs Assembled by DSS for EPA Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.0/) GFDL Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.1/) United Kingdom Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.2/) GISS Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.4/) Oregon State University Climate Model Products for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.5/) Daily and Monthly Texas Surface Observations, 1898-1975 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds510.2/) Streamflow drought indicators across conterminous United States (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds550.0/) Dai and Trenberth Global River Flow and Continental Discharge Dataset (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds551.0/) Monthly Flow Rates of World Rivers (except former Soviet Union) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds552.0/) Augmented Monthly Flow Rates of World Rivers (except former Soviet Union) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds552.1/) Russian River Flow Data by Bodo (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds553.1/) Monthly Canadian River Flow Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds554.0/) Global Monthly Streamflow Time Series (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds556.0/) NCAR Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds601.0/) NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds608.0/) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.006) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (V 1.1) (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.007) The Global Distribution of Freshwater Wetlands, 1995 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds764.0/) Daily and Monthly Texas Surface Observations, 1898-1975 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds510.2/) Monthly Flow Rates of World Rivers (except former Soviet Union) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds552.0/) Russian River Flow Data by Bodo (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds553.1/) Russian River Flow Data by Bodo, Enhanced (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds553.2/) Monthly Canadian River Flow Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds554.0/) Global Monthly Streamflow Time Series (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds556.0/) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.006) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (V 1.1) (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.007) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.006) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (V 1.1) (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.007) Supplementary material to B. Heim et al. (2008): Assembly and concept of a web-based GIS within the paleoclimate project CONTINENT (Lake Baikal, Siberia) (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.SDDB.1202) DCW hydrological data of the Baikal region (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.SDDB.1208) GMT drainage pattern of the Baikal region (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.SDDB.1209) Lake catchment (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.SDDB.1210) Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds625.0/) Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project, Monthly Means (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds625.1/) ERA-Interim Project (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.0/) ERA-Interim Project, Monthly Means (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.1/) ERA-Interim Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Time Series (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds627.2/) JRA-55: Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, Daily 3-Hourly and 6-Hourly Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.0/) JRA-55: Japanese 55-year Reanalysis, Monthly Means and Variances (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.1/) JRA-55C: The Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Using Conventional Data Only (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.2/) JRA-55C: Monthly Means and Variances (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.3/) JRA-55AMIP: Monthly Means and Variances Including Diurnal Statistics (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.5/) WCRP and WWRP THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds629.0/) WCRP and WWRP THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 6-Hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600 by 800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds629.1/) WCRP and WWRP THORPEX YOTC (Year of Tropical Convection) Project, Single Parameter 3-Hourly Surface Forecast Time Series, Transformed to a Regular 1600 by 800 (N400) Gaussian Grid (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds629.5/) ERA5 Reanalysis (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds630.0/) Arctic System Reanalysis version 2 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds631.1/) ERA5 Reanalysis (0.25 Degree Latitude-Longitude Grid) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds633.0/) The Global Distribution of Freshwater Wetlands, 1995 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds764.0/) Cogley and Briggs Global 1-Degree Precipitation Climatology and Topography (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds768.0/) FSL MAPS Analysis Products, 40 km, 3-hourly (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds070.0/) NCEP GDAS/FNL 0.25 Degree Global Tropospheric Analyses and Forecast Grids (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds083.3/) NCEP GFS 0.25 Degree Global Forecast Grids Historical Archive (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds084.1/) NCEP GDAS/FNL Global Surface Flux Grids (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds084.4/) NMC MRF Global Flux Fields, daily 1990Mar-1999Feb (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds084.5/) NCEP/NCAR Global Reanalysis Products, 1948-continuing (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds090.0/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) 6-hourly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.0/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Selected Hourly Time-Series Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.1/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) Monthly Products, January 1979 to December 2010 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds093.2/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) 6-hourly Products (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds094.0/) NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) Selected Hourly Time-Series Products (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds094.1/) ECMWF's Operational Model Analysis, starting in 2011 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds113.0/) ECMWF IFS CY41r2 High-Resolution Operational Forecasts (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds113.1/) ERA-40 Global Surface and Flux Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds117.0/) ERA-40 Surface and Flux Forecast Fields (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds121.0/) ERA-40 Monthly Means of Surface and Flux Forecast Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds122.0/) ERA40 T85 6-hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds124.0/) ERA40 T85 Monthly Mean Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds126.0/) ERA40 T106 6-hourly Surface Analysis and Surface Forecast Fields, created at NCAR (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds127.0/) NOAA CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version 1 (1908-1958) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds131.0/) NOAA CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version 2 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds131.1/) NOAA/CIRES Twentieth Century Global Reanalysis Version 2c (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds131.2/) CORE.2 Global Air-Sea Flux Dataset (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds260.2/) Global Oceanographic Data Set Atlas (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds279.0/) Climate Model Outputs Assembled by DSS for EPA Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.0/) GFDL Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.1/) United Kingdom Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.2/) GISS Climate Model Outputs for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.4/) Oregon State University Climate Model Products for Carbon Dioxide Studies (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds318.5/) Daily and Monthly Texas Surface Observations, 1898-1975 (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds510.2/) Streamflow drought indicators across conterminous United States (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds550.0/) Dai and Trenberth Global River Flow and Continental Discharge Dataset (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds551.0/) Monthly Flow Rates of World Rivers (except former Soviet Union) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds552.0/) Augmented Monthly Flow Rates of World Rivers (except former Soviet Union) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds552.1/) Russian River Flow Data by Bodo (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds553.1/) Russian River Flow Data by Bodo, Enhanced (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds553.2/) Monthly Canadian River Flow Data (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds554.0/) Global Monthly Streamflow Time Series (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds556.0/) NCAR Nested Regional Climate Model (NRCM) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds601.0/) NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) (DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds608.0/) Water level of the proglacial stream of Qaanaaq Glacier, Greenland in July-August 2018 (DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/dataset/A20181016-008) Daily basis precipitation sampling network for water isotope analysis in Mongolia. (DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/crdap/dataset/C20100831-005) Daily basis precipitation sampling network for water isotope analysis in Russia. (DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/crdap/dataset/C20100906-001) Daily basis precipitation sampling network for water isotope analysis in Vietnam. (DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/crdap/dataset/C20100906-002) Daily basis precipitation sampling network for water isotope analysis in Palau. (DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/crdap/dataset/C20100906-003) Daily basis precipitation sampling network for water isotope analysis in Tailand. (DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/crdap/dataset/C20100906-004) Daily basis precipitation sampling network for water isotope analysis at Indoneshia. (DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/crdap/dataset/C20100906-005) TERENO (Eifel-Rur), Climate/Runoff/Water Quality station Rollesbroich, Germany (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.2016.001) Hydro-sedimentological dataset for the mesoscale mountainous Isábena catchment, NE Spain (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2017.003) Data collection for a damage assessment after the flash flood in Braunsbach (Germany) in May 2016 (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2017.015) Flood inundation depth maps Danube catchment (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.5.4.2017.003) Residential flood loss maps Danube catchment (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.5.4.2017.004) Hydro-sedimentological dataset for the mesoscale mountainous Isábena catchment, NE Spain (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2018.011) Time series of streamflow occurrence from 182 sites in ephemeral, intermittent and perennial streams in the Attert catchment, Luxembourg (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2019.010) Heat flux and energy balance data of an arctic thermokarst lake (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.4.2018.001) LPJmL4 Model Code (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/pik.2018.002) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Water (regional) Sector (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.007) LPJmL4 model output for the publications in GMD: LPJmL4 - a dynamic global vegetation model with managed land: Part I – Model description and Part II – Model evaluation (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.009) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Water (global) Sector (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.010) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Water (global) Sector (V. 1.1) (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.003) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.006) ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (V 1.1) (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.007)