Allergy

prefLabel
  • allergy
definition
  • A condition of abnormal sensitivity in certain individuals to contact with substances such as proteins, pollens, bacteria, and certain foods. This contact may result in exaggerated physiologic responses such as hay fever, asthma, and in severe enough situations, anaphylactic shock.
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Abstract from DBPedia
    Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, refer a number of conditions caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, coughing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling. Note: food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions. Common allergens include pollen and certain foods. Metals and other substances may also cause such problems. Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions. Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine. Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history. Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases. Positive tests, however, may not necessarily mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question. Early exposure of children to potential allergens may be protective. Treatments for allergies include avoidance of known allergens and the use of medications such as steroids and antihistamines. In severe reactions, injectable adrenalin (epinephrine) is recommended. Allergen immunotherapy, which gradually exposes people to larger and larger amounts of allergen, is useful for some types of allergies such as hay fever and reactions to insect bites. Its use in food allergies is unclear. Allergies are common. In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by allergic rhinitis, about 6% of people have at least one food allergy, and about 20% have or have had atopic dermatitis at some point in time. Depending on the country, about 1–18% of people have asthma. Anaphylaxis occurs in between 0.05–2% of people. Rates of many allergic diseases appear to be increasing. The word "allergy" was first used by Clemens von Pirquet in 1906.

    アレルギー（独: Allergie）とは、免疫反応が特定の抗原に対して過剰に起こることをいう。免疫反応は、外来の異物（抗原）を排除するために働く、生体にとって不可欠な生理機能である。語源はギリシア語の allos（変わる）と ergon（力、反応）を組み合わせた造語で、疫を免れるはずの免疫反応が有害な反応に変わるという意味である。 アレルギーが起こる原因は解明されていないが、生活環境のほか、抗原に対する過剰な曝露、遺伝などが原因ではないかと考えられている。アレルギーを引き起こす環境由来抗原を特にアレルゲンと呼ぶ。ハウスダスト、ダニ、花粉、米、小麦、酵母、ゼラチンなど、実に様々なものがアレルゲンとなる。最近では先進国で患者が急増しており、日本における診療科目・標榜科のひとつとしてアレルギーを専門とするアレルギー科がある。 喘息をはじめとするアレルギーの治療に関して、欧米の医師と日本の医師との認識の違いの大きさを指摘し、改善可能な点が多々残されていると主張する医師もいる。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Allergy)

    Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, refer a number of conditions caused by the hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, coughing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling. Note: food intolerances and food poisoning are separate conditions. Common allergens include pollen and certain foods. Metals and other substances may also cause such problems. Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions. Their development is due to both genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine. Diagnosis is typically based on a person's medical history. Further testing of the skin or blood may be useful in certain cases. Positive tests, however, may not necessarily mean there is a significant allergy to the substance in question. Early exposure of children to potential allergens may be protective. Treatments for allergies include avoidance of known allergens and the use of medications such as steroids and antihistamines. In severe reactions, injectable adrenalin (epinephrine) is recommended. Allergen immunotherapy, which gradually exposes people to larger and larger amounts of allergen, is useful for some types of allergies such as hay fever and reactions to insect bites. Its use in food allergies is unclear. Allergies are common. In the developed world, about 20% of people are affected by allergic rhinitis, about 6% of people have at least one food allergy, and about 20% have or have had atopic dermatitis at some point in time. Depending on the country, about 1–18% of people have asthma. Anaphylaxis occurs in between 0.05–2% of people. Rates of many allergic diseases appear to be increasing. The word "allergy" was first used by Clemens von Pirquet in 1906.

    過敏症(かびんしょう、hypersensivity)は、通常は反応が起こらない程度の刺激に反応して、一定の症状があらわれる疾患のことを指す。しばしばはアレルギーと同義語として扱われているが、においては、免疫反応より開始される過敏症のことを「アレルギー」、刺激への非免疫的な過度の不耐応を狭義の「過敏症」と定義している。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Allergy)