| Abstract from DBPedia | In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form. The geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living organisms. However, some minerals are often biogenic (such as calcite) or are organic compounds in the sense of chemistry (such as mellite). Moreover, living organisms often synthesize inorganic minerals (such as hydroxylapatite) that also occur in rocks. The concept of mineral is distinct from rock, which is any bulk solid geologic material that is relatively homogeneous at a large enough scale. A rock may consist of one type of mineral, or may be an aggregate of two or more different types of minerals, spacially segregated into distinct phases. Some natural solid substances without a definite crystalline structure, such as opal or obsidian, are more properly called mineraloids. If a chemical compound occurs naturally with different crystal structures, each structure is considered a different mineral species. Thus, for example, quartz and stishovite are two different minerals consisting of the same compound, silicon dioxide. The International Mineralogical Association (IMA) is the generally recognized standard body for the definition and nomenclature of mineral species. As of November 2022, the IMA recognizes 5,863 official mineral species. The chemical composition of a named mineral species may vary somewhat by the inclusion of small amounts of impurities. Specific varieties of a species sometimes have conventional or official names of their own. For example, amethyst is a purple variety of the mineral species quartz. Some mineral species can have variable proportions of two or more chemical elements that occupy equivalent positions in the mineral's structure; for example, the formula of mackinawite is given as (Fe,Ni)9S8, meaning FexNi9-xS8, where x is a variable number between 0 and 9. Sometimes a mineral with variable composition is split into separate species, more or less arbitrarily, forming a mineral group; that is the case of the silicates CaxMgyFe2-x-ySiO4, the olivine group. Besides the essential chemical composition and crystal structure, the description of a mineral species usually includes its common physical properties such as habit, hardness, lustre, diaphaneity, colour, streak, tenacity, cleavage, fracture, parting, specific gravity, magnetism, fluorescence, radioactivity, as well as its taste or smell and its reaction to acid. Minerals are classified by key chemical constituents; the two dominant systems are the Dana classification and the Strunz classification. Silicate minerals comprise approximately 90% of the Earth's crust. Other important mineral groups include the native elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, and phosphates.鉱物（こうぶつ、英: mineral、ミネラル）とは、一般的には、地質学的作用により形成される、天然に産する一定の化学組成を有した無機質結晶質物質のことを指す。一部例外があるが（炭化水素であるカルパチア石など）、鉱物として記載されるためには、人工結晶や活動中の生物に含まれるものは厳密に排除される。また鉱物は、固体でなければならない。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mineral) |
| data publication(s) found by GCMD Science Keywords) | - EnGeoMAP Test Data: Simulated EnMAP Satellite Data for Mountain Pass, USA and Rodalquilar, Spain
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/enmap.2016.001) - Accessory Minerals in Felsic Igneous Rocks - Part 1: Composition of monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon from the multi-stage, peraluminous two-mica granite massif of Bergen (Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province, Germany)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.6.2.2018.001) - Accessory Minerals in Felsic Igneous Rocks - Part 2: Composition of monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon from the multi-stage, strongly peraluminous, P-F-rich Li-mica granite massif of Eibenstock (Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province, Germany)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.6.2.2018.002) - Accessory Minerals in Felsic Igneous Rocks - Part 3: Composition of monazite-(Ce) from Paleoproterozoic granitoids and gneisses from the Fort McMurray area (Alberta, Canada)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.6.2.2018.004) - Accessory Minerals in Felsic Igneous Rocks - Part 4: Composition of allanite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon from the multi-stage, weakly peraluminous F-poor granite massifs of Kirchberg and Niederbobritzsch (Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province, Germany)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2019.001) - Data supplement to: Laser ablation in situ silicon stable isotope analysis of phytoliths
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2018.002) - Accessory Minerals in Felsic Igneous Rocks - Part 5: Composition of monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y) and zircon from two geochemically distinct occurrences of highly evolved Li-F granite: The Pobershau-Satzung massif and the Seiffen granite (Erzgebirge−Vogtland metallogenic province, Germany)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.8.2019.002)
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