Humidity

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  • Humidity
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Abstract from DBPedia
    Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. A related parameter is the dew point. The amount of water vapor needed to achieve saturation increases as the temperature increases. As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass. The amount of water vapor contained within a parcel of air can vary significantly. For example, a parcel of air near saturation may contain 28 g of water per cubic metre of air at 30 °C (86 °F), but only 8 g of water per cubic metre of air at 8 °C (46 °F). Three primary measurements of humidity are widely employed: absolute, relative, and specific. Absolute humidity is expressed as either mass of water vapor per volume of moist air (in grams per cubic metre) or as mass of water vapor per mass of dry air (usually in grams per kilogram). Relative humidity, often expressed as a percentage, indicates a present state of absolute humidity relative to a maximum humidity given the same temperature. Specific humidity is the ratio of water vapor mass to total moist air parcel mass. Humidity plays an important role for surface life. For animal life dependent on perspiration (sweating) to regulate internal body temperature, high humidity impairs heat exchange efficiency by reducing the rate of moisture evaporation from skin surfaces. This effect can be calculated using a heat index table, also known as a humidex. The notion of air "holding" water vapor or being "saturated" by it is often mentioned in connection with the concept of relative humidity. This, however, is misleading—the amount of water vapor that enters (or can enter) a given space at a given temperature is almost independent of the amount of air (nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) that is present. Indeed, a vacuum has approximately the same equilibrium capacity to hold water vapor as the same volume filled with air; both are given by the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at the given temperature. There is a very small difference described under "Enhancement factor" below, which can be neglected in many calculations unless great accuracy is required.

    湿度（しつど、英: humidity）とは大気中に、水蒸気の形で含まれる水の量を、比率で表した数値。空気のしめり具合を表す。 湿度にも数種類の指標があるが、気象予報などで一般的に使用されるのは相対湿度である。空気が水蒸気の形で包含できる水分量（飽和水蒸気量）は、温度により一定している。この限度を1として、実際の空気中の水分量が最大限度の割合で表した数値が、湿度である。通常はパーセント(百分率)で示される。このため「湿度100%」は水が満たされているという意味では無い。 絶対湿度（absolute humidity）とは、国際的には容積絶対湿度のことである。しかし、日本では空気調和工学の分野では重量絶対湿度（混合比）が「絶対湿度」と呼ばれる。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Humidity)
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