Binary stars

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  • Binary stars
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  • Binaries
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Abstract from DBPedia
    A binary star is a system of two stars that are gravitationally bound to and in orbit around each other. Binary stars in the night sky that are seen as a single object to the naked eye are often resolved using a telescope as separate stars, in which case they are called visual binaries. Many visual binaries have long orbital periods of several centuries or millennia and therefore have orbits which are uncertain or poorly known. They may also be detected by indirect techniques, such as spectroscopy (spectroscopic binaries) or astrometry (astrometric binaries). If a binary star happens to orbit in a plane along our line of sight, its components will eclipse and transit each other; these pairs are called eclipsing binaries, or, together with other binaries that change brightness as they orbit, photometric binaries. If components in binary star systems are close enough they can gravitationally distort their mutual outer stellar atmospheres. In some cases, these close binary systems can exchange mass, which may bring their evolution to stages that single stars cannot attain. Examples of binaries are Sirius, and Cygnus X-1 (Cygnus X-1 being a well-known black hole). Binary stars are also common as the nuclei of many planetary nebulae, and are the progenitors of both novae and type Ia supernovae.

    二重星（にじゅうせい、英: double star）は、天球上で極めて接近して見える2つの星のことである。非常に接近しているため肉眼では1つの星に見えるが、望遠鏡などで観測することで2つに分解されるものもある。お互いの星が万有引力によって周回しているものは「連星」と呼ばれる。連星は、その見え方によって「実視連星」、「分光連星」、「食連星」などと呼ばれる。地球から見た方向のみが一致しているペアは「見かけの二重星」と呼ばれる。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Binary_star)

    A binary star is a system of two stars that are gravitationally bound to and in orbit around each other. Binary stars in the night sky that are seen as a single object to the naked eye are often resolved using a telescope as separate stars, in which case they are called visual binaries. Many visual binaries have long orbital periods of several centuries or millennia and therefore have orbits which are uncertain or poorly known. They may also be detected by indirect techniques, such as spectroscopy (spectroscopic binaries) or astrometry (astrometric binaries). If a binary star happens to orbit in a plane along our line of sight, its components will eclipse and transit each other; these pairs are called eclipsing binaries, or, together with other binaries that change brightness as they orbit, photometric binaries. If components in binary star systems are close enough they can gravitationally distort their mutual outer stellar atmospheres. In some cases, these close binary systems can exchange mass, which may bring their evolution to stages that single stars cannot attain. Examples of binaries are Sirius, and Cygnus X-1 (Cygnus X-1 being a well-known black hole). Binary stars are also common as the nuclei of many planetary nebulae, and are the progenitors of both novae and type Ia supernovae.

    連星（れんせい、英: Binary star）とは2つの恒星が両者の重心（共通重心）の周りを軌道運動している天体である。双子星（ふたごぼし）とも呼ばれる。連星は、地球から遠距離にあると、一つの恒星と思われ、その後に連星である事が判明する場合もある。この2世紀間の観測で、肉眼で見える恒星の半数以上が連星である可能性が示唆されている。通常は明るい方の星を主星、暗い方を伴星と呼ぶ。また、3つ以上の星が互いに重力的に束縛されて軌道運動している系もあり、そのような場合にはn連星またはn重連星などと呼ばれる。 また、二重星という言葉も連星を示す場合が多い。しかし、実際には、複数の恒星が地球から見て、同じ方向に位置しており、「見かけ上、連星のように見える」場合を表す。それぞれの恒星の、地球からの距離は全く異なり、物理的にも何の関連性も無い。二重星は、距離が異なるので、光度の差から、年周視差や視線速度を正確に求める事が出来る。しかし、中にはアルビレオのように、二重星か真の連星かが分かっていないものもある。 詳細は「二重星」を参照

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Binary_star)