| Abstract from DBPedia | A botanical garden or botanic garden is a garden with a documented collection of living plants for the purpose of scientific research, conservation, display, and education. Typically plants are labelled with their botanical names. It may contain specialist plant collections such as cacti and other succulent plants, herb gardens, plants from particular parts of the world, and so on; there may be greenhouses, shadehouses, again with special collections such as tropical plants, alpine plants, or other exotic plants. Most are at least partly open to the public, and may offer guided tours, educational displays, art exhibitions, book rooms, open-air theatrical and musical performances, and other entertainment. Botanical gardens are often run by universities or other scientific research organizations, and often have associated herbaria and research programmes in plant taxonomy or some other aspect of botanical science. In principle, their role is to maintain documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display, and education, although this will depend on the resources available and the special interests pursued at each particular garden. The staff will normally include botanists as well as gardeners. The origin of modern botanical gardens is generally traced to the appointment of professors of botany to the medical faculties of universities in 16th century Renaissance Italy, which also entailed the curation of a medicinal garden. However, the objectives, content, and audience of today's botanic gardens more closely resembles that of the grandiose gardens of antiquity and the educational garden of Theophrastus in the Lyceum of ancient Athens. The early concern with medicinal plants changed in the 17th century to an interest in the new plant imports from explorations outside Europe as botany gradually established its independence from medicine. In the 18th century, systems of nomenclature and classification were devised by botanists working in the herbaria and universities associated with the gardens, these systems often being displayed in the gardens as educational "order beds". With the rapid expansion of European colonies around the globe in the late 18th century, botanic gardens were established in the tropics, and economic botany became a focus with the hub at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, near London. Over the years, botanical gardens, as cultural and scientific organisations, have responded to the interests of botany and horticulture. Nowadays, most botanical gardens display a mix of the themes mentioned and more; having a strong connection with the general public, there is the opportunity to provide visitors with information relating to the environmental issues being faced at the start of the 21st century, especially those relating to plant conservation and sustainability.植物園（しょくぶつえん、英語：botanical garden, botanic garden）とは、単なる庭園ではなく、英語を直訳すれば「植物学庭園」となるように、大学や研究機関が植物学研究のために用いる植物（花卉・樹木）を、収集・分類・栽培し、さらにそれらの標本（押し葉標本など）を保管するための施設である。したがって、植物園は狭義の庭園（圃場）だけでなく、植物標本館（ハーバリウム）も園内に有する。 植物園は多くの機能をもつ（）。とりわけ遺伝資源収集の拠点、すなわち種子銀行として役割が大きい。一定の専門性をもつ植物園もあり、薬草（薬用植物）や香草のための薬園・ハーブ園、あるいは帰化植物や世界各地の植物、例えばサボテンなどの多肉植物、熱帯植物、高山植物などを栽培するための温室・日よけなどを備える場合もある。植物園は、公園と同様の憩いの場、あるいは観光施設として市民に開放されていることもあり、ツアー、教育展、美術展、図書室、野外演劇や演奏会のための場を提供することもある。環境保全（保全生態学）や持続可能性についての啓発活動が行われることもある。 植物園の歴史は極めて古い（）。西洋の植物園の起源は、古代ギリシアのテオプラストス（アリストテレスの友人）によってつくられたリュケイオンの庭園にさかのぼり、その性質は現代の植物園と必ずしも異ならない。近代的な植物園の原型は、ルネサンス期の16世紀、イタリアのピサ大学に併設された植物園（ピサ植物園）にさかのぼる。18世紀後半、帝国主義が世界を席巻するなかで、プラントハンターによって世界各地の植物がヨーロッパに集められ、特にイギリスの、ロンドン近郊のキューにある王立植物園（キューガーデン）が中心地となった。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Botanical_garden) |
