| Abstract from DBPedia | A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images, typically composed of many pages (made of papyrus, parchment, vellum, or paper) bound together and protected by a cover. The technical term for this physical arrangement is codex (plural, codices). In the history of hand-held physical supports for extended written compositions or records, the codex replaces its predecessor, the scroll. A single sheet in a codex is a leaf and each side of a leaf is a page. As an intellectual object, a book is prototypically a composition of such great length that it takes a considerable investment of time to compose and still considered as an investment of time to read. In a restricted sense, a book is a self-sufficient section or part of a longer composition, a usage reflecting that, in antiquity, long works had to be written on several scrolls and each scroll had to be identified by the book it contained. Each part of Aristotle's Physics is called a book. In an unrestricted sense, a book is the compositional whole of which such sections, whether called books or chapters or parts, are parts. The intellectual content in a physical book need not be a composition, nor even be called a book. Books can consist only of drawings, engravings or photographs, crossword puzzles or cut-out dolls. In a physical book, the pages can be left blank or can feature an abstract set of lines to support entries, such as in an account book, an appointment book, an autograph book, a notebook, a diary or a sketchbook. Some physical books are made with pages thick and sturdy enough to support other physical objects, like a scrapbook or photograph album. Books may be distributed in electronic form as ebooks and other formats. Although in ordinary academic parlance a monograph is understood to be a specialist academic work, rather than a reference work on a scholarly subject, in library and information science monograph denotes more broadly any non-serial publication complete in one volume (book) or a finite number of volumes (even a novel like Proust's seven-volume In Search of Lost Time), in contrast to serial publications like a magazine, journal or newspaper. An avid reader or collector of books is a bibliophile or colloquially, "bookworm". A place where books are traded is a bookshop or bookstore. Books are also sold elsewhere and can be borrowed from libraries. Google has estimated that by 2010, approximately 130,000,000 titles had been published. In some wealthier nations, the sale of printed books has decreased because of the increased usage of ebooks. Although in most countries printed books continue to outsell their digital counterparts due to many people still preferring to read in a traditional way.本（ほん）は、書籍（しょせき）または書物（しょもつ）とも呼ばれ、紙・木・竹・絹布などの軟質な素材に、文字・記号・図画などを筆写、印刷し、糸・糊などで装丁・製本したもの。狭義では、複数枚の紙が一方の端を綴じられた状態になっているもの。このままの状態で紙の片面をページという。本を読む場合はページをめくる事によって次々と情報を得る事が出来る。つまり、狭義の本には巻物は含まれない。端から順を追ってしかみられない巻物を伸ばして蛇腹に折り、任意のページを開ける体裁としたものを折り本といい、折本の背面（文字の書かれていない側）で綴じたものが狭義の「本」といえる。本文が縦書きなら右綴じ、本文が横書きなら左綴じにする。また、1964年のユネスコ総会で採択された基準は、「本とは、表紙はページ数に入れず、本文が少なくとも49ページ以上から成る、印刷された非定期刊行物」と、定義している。5ページ以上49ページ未満は小冊子として分類している。 内容（コンテンツ）的にはほぼ従来の書籍のようなものでも、紙などに文字を書いたり印刷するのではなく、電磁的または光学的に記録・再生されるものやネットワークで流通させるものは、電子書籍という。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Book) |
