| Abstract from DBPedia | Zoology (/zoʊˈɒlədʒi/) is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek ζῷον, zōion ('animal'), and λόγος, logos ('knowledge', 'study'). Although humans have always been interested in the natural history of the animals they saw around them, and made use of this knowledge to domesticate certain species, the formal study of zoology can be said to have originated with Aristotle. He viewed animals as living organisms, studied their structure and development, and considered their adaptations to their surroundings and the function of their parts. The Greek physician Galen studied human anatomy and was one of the greatest surgeons of the ancient world, but after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the onset of the Early Middle Ages, the Greek tradition of medicine and scientific study went into decline in Western Europe, although it continued in the medieval Islamic world. Modern zoology has its origins during the Renaissance and early modern period, with Carl Linnaeus, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel and many others. The study of animals has largely moved on to deal with form and function, adaptations, relationships between groups, behaviour and ecology. Zoology has increasingly been subdivided into disciplines such as classification, physiology, biochemistry and evolution. With the discovery of the structure of DNA by Francis Crick and James Watson in 1953, the realm of molecular biology opened up, leading to advances in cell biology, developmental biology and molecular genetics.動物学（どうぶつがく、英語：zoology）は、動物を対象とする学問。自然史学の一部門に由来し、現在では生物学の一分野とされる。古典的には物質を鉱物・植物・動物にわけることが一般的だったため、博物学も鉱物学、植物学、動物学にわけられていた。 動物学の始まりは古代ギリシアにあると見ることも出来るとされる。発生学、生理学、生態学、動物行動学、形態学などの視点から研究が行われてきた。 近年では生物の分類が様変わりし、研究分野が細分化されたため、動物学の内容が多様化し、この語が用いられる頻度は低くなった。対象とする分類群によって哺乳類学、昆虫学、魚類学などと分けられることもある。動物の古生物を対象とする場合は古動物学と呼ぶ。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Zoology) |
