| Abstract from DBPedia | Politics (from Greek: Πολιτικά, politiká, 'affairs of the cities') is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including warfare against adversaries. Politics is exercised on a wide range of social levels, from clans and tribes of traditional societies, through modern local governments, companies and institutions up to sovereign states, to the international level. In modern nation states, people often form political parties to represent their ideas. Members of a party often agree to take the same position on many issues and agree to support the same changes to law and the same leaders. An election is usually a competition between different parties. A political system is a framework which defines acceptable political methods within a society. The history of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, with seminal works such as Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics in the West, and Confucius's political manuscripts and Chanakya's Arthashastra in the non-Western cultures.政治（せいじ、英語: Politics）とは、主権者が領土・人民を統治すること。また、対立や利害を調整して社会全体を統合するとともに、社会の意思決定を実現する作用である。 政治の語源はポリスである。ポリスはしばしば政治的共同体（ポリティーケ・コイノーニア）とも呼ばれ、あくまで平等な市民間の関係を指した。しかしこの「政治」の含意はやがて曖昧となり、今日では主に集団、特に国家や国家間の権力配分やそれをめぐる争い一般を指すものとして理解される事が多い。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Politics) |
