Jurisprudence

prefLabel
  • jurisprudence
definition
  • The science or philosophy of law.
inScheme
broader
Abstract from DBPedia
    Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and provide a deeper understanding of legal reasoning and analogy, legal systems, legal institutions, and the proper application of law, the economic analysis of law and the role of law in society. Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and was focused on the first principles of natural law, civil law, and the law of nations. General jurisprudence can be divided into categories both by the type of question scholars seek to answer and by the theories of jurisprudence, or schools of thought, regarding how those questions are best answered. Contemporary philosophy of law, which deals with general jurisprudence, addresses problems internal to law and legal systems and problems of law as a social institution that relates to the larger political and social context in which it exists. This article addresses three distinct branches of thought in general jurisprudence. Ancient natural law is the idea that there are rational objective limits to the power of legislative rulers. The foundations of law are accessible through reason, and it is from these laws of nature that human laws gain whatever force they have. Analytic jurisprudence (Clarificatory jurisprudence) rejects natural law's fusing of what law is and what it ought to be. It espouses the use of a neutral point of view and descriptive language when referring to aspects of legal systems. It encompasses such theories of jurisprudence as legal positivism, holds that there is no necessary connection between law and morality and that the force of law comes from basic social facts; and "legal realism", which argues that the real-world practice of law determines what law is, the law having the force that it does because of what legislators, lawyers, and judges do with it. Unlike experimental jurisprudence, which seeks to investigate the content of folk legal concepts using the methods of social science, the traditional method of both natural law and analytic jurisprudence is philosophical analysis. Normative jurisprudence is concerned with "evaluative" theories of law. It deals with what the goal or purpose of law is, or what moral or political theories provide a foundation for the law. It not only addresses the question "What is law?", but also tries to determine what the proper function of law should be, or what sorts of acts should be subject to legal sanctions, and what sorts of punishment should be permitted.

    法学（ほうがく）または法律学（ほうりつがく、英: jurisprudence、仏: jurisprudence、独: Rechtswissenschaft, Jurisprudenz、伊: giurisprudenza）とは、法又は法律に関する学問である。 法学の分類として一般的なのは、実定法に関する研究を行う実定法学（実定法の意味を認識体系化する法解釈学と、立法に関する立法学に分けることができる。）と、基礎法学への分類である。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jurisprudence)

    Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and provide a deeper understanding of legal reasoning and analogy, legal systems, legal institutions, and the proper application of law, the economic analysis of law and the role of law in society. Modern jurisprudence began in the 18th century and was focused on the first principles of natural law, civil law, and the law of nations. General jurisprudence can be divided into categories both by the type of question scholars seek to answer and by the theories of jurisprudence, or schools of thought, regarding how those questions are best answered. Contemporary philosophy of law, which deals with general jurisprudence, addresses problems internal to law and legal systems and problems of law as a social institution that relates to the larger political and social context in which it exists. This article addresses three distinct branches of thought in general jurisprudence. Ancient natural law is the idea that there are rational objective limits to the power of legislative rulers. The foundations of law are accessible through reason, and it is from these laws of nature that human laws gain whatever force they have. Analytic jurisprudence (Clarificatory jurisprudence) rejects natural law's fusing of what law is and what it ought to be. It espouses the use of a neutral point of view and descriptive language when referring to aspects of legal systems. It encompasses such theories of jurisprudence as legal positivism, holds that there is no necessary connection between law and morality and that the force of law comes from basic social facts; and "legal realism", which argues that the real-world practice of law determines what law is, the law having the force that it does because of what legislators, lawyers, and judges do with it. Unlike experimental jurisprudence, which seeks to investigate the content of folk legal concepts using the methods of social science, the traditional method of both natural law and analytic jurisprudence is philosophical analysis. Normative jurisprudence is concerned with "evaluative" theories of law. It deals with what the goal or purpose of law is, or what moral or political theories provide a foundation for the law. It not only addresses the question "What is law?", but also tries to determine what the proper function of law should be, or what sorts of acts should be subject to legal sanctions, and what sorts of punishment should be permitted.

    法（ほう、英: law）は、国家の強制力を伴う社会規範である。一般的に、国家としての秩序を保つために、国家が設ける社会規範であって、国民の間で自主的に醸成される道徳、マナー、モラルなどの強制力を持たない社会規範と全く異なる性質の規範である。一般的にイメージされる法の属性としては、一定の行為を命令・禁止・授権すること、違反したときに強制的な制裁（刑罰、損害賠償など）が課せられること、裁判で適用される規範として機能することなどがあげられる。但し、国民への注意喚起の目的で罰則が無い法が制定されることもある。法治国家においては全ての人が法に従わなければならず、法を超越する者は居ないとされる事が一般的である。こうした法を運用するに当たって、犯罪や紛争に関与した人を裁く裁判所や、刑法に基づき実力を行使する警察などが設置される。刑法に違反した者は犯罪者となり刑罰を受けるだけに留まらず、職や家族などの今まで築いてきた関係性や将来の職業選択の自由を失う可能性も生じることになる。 もっとも、どのような点をもって他の社会規範と区別されるのか、何をして法を法たらしめるのかについては、これまで種々な見解が唱えられてきた。また、法学の各分野ごとに考察の着眼点が異なることもあり、ある分野で妥当する法の定義や内容が別の分野では必ずしも妥当しないこともある。 このような点から、以下の記述では法の定義や内容についての結論を論ずることを避け、伝統的に問題とされた主要な点について概観する。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jurisprudence)