| Abstract from DBPedia | International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war, diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. Scholars distinguish between international legal institutions on the basis of their obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules). The sources of international law include international custom (general state practice accepted as law), treaties, and general principles of law recognized by most national legal systems. Although international law may also be reflected in international comity—the practices adopted by states to maintain good relations and mutual recognition, such as saluting the flag of a foreign ship—such traditions are not legally binding. International law differs from state-based legal systems in that it is primarily—though not exclusively—applicable to states, rather than to individuals, and operates largely through consent, since there is no universally accepted authority to enforce it upon sovereign states. Consequently, states may choose to not abide by international law, and even to breach a treaty. However, such violations, particularly of customary international law and peremptory norms (jus cogens), can be met with disapproval by others and in some cases coercive action (ranging from diplomatic and economic sanctions to war). The relationship and interaction between a national legal system (municipal law) and international law is complex and variable. National law may become international law when treaties permit national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights or the International Criminal Court. Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may require national law to conform to treaty provisions. National laws or constitutions may also provide for the implementation or integration of international legal obligations into domestic law.国際法（こくさいほう、（英: International Law, Law of Nations、仏: Droit international, Droit des gens、西: Derecho Internacional）とは、国際社会（「国際共同体」英: the international community、仏: la communauté internationale、西: la comunidad internacional）を規律する法をいう。国際私法と対比させて国際公法（英: Public International Law、仏: Droit international public、西: Derecho Internacional Público）ともいわれるが、国内法制度における私法と公法の関係のように両者が対立的な関係にあるわけではない。条約、慣習国際法、が国際法の存在形式（形式的法源）とされる。かつては国家間の関係のみを規律する法と考えられてきたが、現代では国際組織や個人の関係や、これらと国家との関係を規律する法と考えられている。 朝貢を国際関係の主体とする華夷秩序や、江戸時代初期の朱印船貿易は、一般的には国際社会全体を拘束する国際法であるとは見做されていない。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/International_law) |
