Horse

prefLabel
  • horse
definition
  • A large animal with four legs which people ride on or use for carrying things or pulling vehicles.
inScheme
broader
Abstract from DBPedia
    The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BCE, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior. Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess an excellent sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a saddle or in a harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years. Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as draft horses and some ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses. Horses and humans interact in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits as well as in working activities such as police work, agriculture, entertainment, and therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare, from which a wide variety of riding and driving techniques developed, using many different styles of equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including meat, milk, hide, hair, bone, and pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water, and shelter as well as attention from specialists such as veterinarians and farriers.

    ウマ（馬、学名: Equus caballus）は、哺乳綱奇蹄目ウマ科ウマ属に分類される家畜動物。 社会性が強く群れで生活する。古くから中央アジア、中東、北アフリカなどで家畜として飼われた歴史がある。 運搬用（荷役馬）、農耕（農耕馬）、乗用（乗用馬）、軍用（軍用馬・騎馬）、競技用（競技馬・競走馬）などに使われ、乳用、食用ともなる。 学名は、equus も caballus ともにラテン語で「馬」の意。 独立した種ではなく野生種であるノウマ（Equus ferus、野馬）から分かれた亜種Equus ferus caballusとする説もある。 * ノウマは、北アメリカ大陸原産で進化し、その後、ユーラシア大陸へも広がった。ただし北アメリカ大陸では、数千年前に絶滅した。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Horse)

    The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BCE, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior. Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess an excellent sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a saddle or in a harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years. Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as draft horses and some ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses. Horses and humans interact in a wide variety of sport competitions and non-competitive recreational pursuits as well as in working activities such as police work, agriculture, entertainment, and therapy. Horses were historically used in warfare, from which a wide variety of riding and driving techniques developed, using many different styles of equipment and methods of control. Many products are derived from horses, including meat, milk, hide, hair, bone, and pharmaceuticals extracted from the urine of pregnant mares. Humans provide domesticated horses with food, water, and shelter as well as attention from specialists such as veterinarians and farriers.

    ノウマ（Equus ferus、野馬、英:Wild horse）は奇蹄目ウマ科ウマ属の種。現生の亜種は家畜のウマと野生のモウコノウマである。ターパンとして知られたヨーロッパノウマ（1800年代後半に絶滅）は本種の亜種に分類されるが、最近の研究ではターパンが野生であったのかどうか、あるいは野生化した家畜ウマであったのか、野生ウマと家畜ウマの雑種であったのか、疑問が投げかけられている。 モウコノウマは一度絶滅しかけたが、野生への再導入が成功した。ターパンは19世紀に絶滅したが、家畜化された時期にはユーラシアのステップで生きていたと考えられている。しかしながら、ノウマには他の亜種が存在した可能性があり、それが家畜化されたウマの祖先であった可能性がある。ターパンの絶滅以来、家畜ウマを使ったその表現型を復元しようとする試みが成され、その結果en:Heck horseなどのウマの品種が生まれた。しかし、これらの品種の遺伝子構成と基礎となる血統は実質的に家畜ウマに由来するため、これらの品種は家畜化された形質を持っている。 「ノウマ」はという語はアメリカのマスタング やオーストラリアのen:Brumby など、しばしば再野生化した家畜ウマについても口語的に用いられることがあるが、これら「野生化した」家畜ウマ(Equus ferus caballus)と種としての「ノウマ」(Equus ferus)とは別の概念である。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Horse)