| Abstract from DBPedia | A heat pump is a device that can heat a building (or part of a building) by transferring thermal energy from the outside using the refrigeration cycle. Many heat pumps can also operate in the opposite direction, cooling the building by removing heat from the enclosed space and rejecting it outside. Units that only provide cooling are called air conditioners. When in heating mode, a refrigerant at outside temperature is being compressed. As a result, the refrigerant becomes hot. This thermal energy can be transferred to an indoor unit. After being moved outdoors again, the refrigerant is decompressed — evaporated. It has lost some of its thermal energy and returns colder than the environment. It can now take up the surrounding energy from the air or from the ground before the process repeats. Compressors, fans, and pumps run with electric energy. Common types are air source heat pumps, ground source heat pumps, water source heat pumps and exhaust air heat pumps. They are also used in district heating systems. The efficiency of a heat pump is expressed as a coefficient of performance (COP), or seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP). The higher the number, the more efficient a heat pump is and the less energy it consumes. When used for space heating, heat pumps are typically much more energy efficient than simple electrical resistance heaters. Because of their high efficiency and the increasing share of fossil-free sources in electrical grids, heat pumps can play a key role in climate change mitigation. With 1 kWh of electricity, they can transfer 3 to 6 kWh of thermal energy into a building. The carbon footprint of heat pumps depends on how electricity is generated, but they usually reduce emissions in mild climates. Heat pumps could satisfy over 80% of global space and water heating needs with a lower carbon footprint than gas-fired condensing boilers: however, as of 2021 they only meet 10%.ヒートポンプ（英: heat pump）は、熱媒体や半導体等を用いて低温部分から高温部分へ熱を移動させる技術である。手法はいくつかあるが主流は気体の圧縮・膨張と熱交換を組み合わせたもので、一般家庭でもみられる製品でヒートポンプを使っているものとして冷凍冷蔵庫、エアコン、ヒートポンプ式給湯器などがある。 家電製品の分類の「ヒートポンプ」は、「ヒートポンプ式給湯器」を示し、冷蔵庫やエアコンなどはヒートポンプ式とは呼ばない。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Heat_pump) |
