| Abstract from DBPedia | The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. In humans, the major endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands. The study of the endocrine system and its disorders is known as endocrinology. Glands that signal each other in sequence are often referred to as an axis, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition to the specialized endocrine organs mentioned above, many other organs that are part of other body systems have secondary endocrine functions, including bone, kidneys, liver, heart and gonads. For example, the kidney secretes the endocrine hormone erythropoietin. Hormones can be amino acid complexes, steroids, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, or prostaglandins. The endocrine system can be contrasted to both exocrine glands, which secrete hormones to the outside of the body, and paracrine signalling between cells over a relatively short distance. Endocrine glands have no ducts, are vascular, and commonly have intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. In contrast, exocrine glands, such as salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands within the gastrointestinal tract, tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow lumen.Endocrinology is a branch of internal medicine.内分泌器（ないぶんぴつき、英: endocrine organ）とは、多細胞生物、特に動物において、ホルモンを体内へ分泌する器官のこと。 ホルモンを分泌する腺なので、内分泌腺（ないぶんぴつせん、英: endocrine gland）ともいう。それらをまとめて、内分泌器系または内分泌系、液体調整系（英: endocrine system）とも呼ぶ。内分泌器の共通の特徴として、ホルモンを分泌する細胞が存在すること、分泌したホルモンは血液中に溶け出して全身を回るため、器官内に血管（毛細血管）が発達していること、またホルモンの分泌量をそのときの体にあわせた量に調節するため、その器官そのものも別のホルモンの作用を受けること、などがある。内分泌器の機能的な性質から、内分泌器は体内で特にくっついて存在する傾向はなく、お互いに血管以外では接続されていないのは、他の器官系とは異なる。内分泌器を含む内分泌系を扱う学問を内分泌学という。 対して、排出管を通して体外へ分泌することは外分泌（器）と呼ぶ。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Endocrine_system) |
