| Abstract from DBPedia | Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour. Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940–1950s as a distinct sub-discipline of marketing, but has become an interdisciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, marketing, and economics (especially behavioural economics). The study of consumer behaviour formally investigates individual qualities such as demographics, personality lifestyles, and behavioural variables (such as usage rates, usage occasion, loyalty, brand advocacy, and willingness to provide referrals), in an attempt to understand people's wants and consumption patterns. Consumer behaviour also investigates on the influences on the consumer, from social groups such as family, friends, sports, and reference groups, to society in general (brand-influencers, opinion leaders). Research has shown that consumer behaviour is difficult to predict, even for experts in the field; however, new research methods, such as ethnography, consumer neuroscience, and machine learning are shedding new light on how consumers make decisions. In addition, customer relationship management (CRM) databases have become an asset for the analysis of customer behaviour. The extensive data produced by these databases enables detailed examination of behavioural factors that contribute to customer re-purchase intentions, consumer retention, loyalty, and other behavioural intentions such as the willingness to provide positive referrals, become brand advocates, or engage in customer citizenship activities. Databases also assist in market segmentation, especially behavioural segmentation such as developing loyalty segments, which can be used to develop tightly targeted customized marketing strategies on a one-to-one basis. (Also see relationship marketing).消費者心理（しょうひしゃしんり）とは経営学用語の一つ。消費者が商品やサービスの購入を検討する際に、直接的あるいは間接的に決定に影響を及ぼすような心理的要因のことを言う。 これには消費者の個人的な欲求に加えて、社会的な評価や価値観や、流行などといった社会情勢に対する態度なども含まれている。また同じ商品を購入する場合であっても、それに対する消費者心理とは時と場所によって異なるという性質がある。たとえば高価な宝飾品を買う場合であっても、それは恋人へのプレゼントであるがゆえに大金を支払う場合と、それが蓄財の手段となりうるがゆえに大金を支払うといった具合に意思決定に至る判断が異なる。またマーケティングの分野では、消費者による購入行為におけるリスクをどう位置付けているかもしばしば論じられる。企業にとっては新たな需要を引き出すためにも、消費者心理を研究して、購入への心理的な要因を解明するという努力が求められる。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Consumer_behaviour) |
