Constitutional law

prefLabel
  • constitutional law
definition
  • That branch of the public law of a nation or state which treats of the organization, powers and frame of government, the distribution of political and governmental authorities and functions, the fundamental principles which are to regulate the relations of government and citizen and which prescribes generally the plan and method according to which the public affairs of the nation or state are to be administered.
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broader
Abstract from DBPedia
    Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or territorial governments. Not all nation states have codified constitutions, though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law, or international rules and norms. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles by which the government exercises its authority. In some instances, these principles grant specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and spend for the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to place limits on what the government can do, such as prohibiting the arrest of an individual without sufficient cause. In most nations, such as the United States, India, and Singapore, constitutional law is based on the text of a document ratified at the time the nation came into being. Other constitutions, notably that of the United Kingdom, rely heavily on uncodified rules, as several legislative statutes and constitutional conventions, their status within constitutional law varies, and the terms of conventions are in some cases strongly contested.

    憲法（けんぽう、英語: constitutional law）とは、国家の統治権や統治作用に関する根本的な原則を定める基礎法である。国家の自己決定権の根拠となる法体系。 ある国が人民や外国政府等に対して権限を行使する場合の基本原則を示し、この原則が国民の福祉のための課税や歳出の権限などを政府に付与している。また、憲法は十分な理由のない逮捕の禁止や非公開裁判の禁止などの国家権力を制限する機能も持っている。憲法を成文化していない国民国家でも、国民のコンセンサスを得た強制力のある規則で構成される（ius commune）や土地の法律などの慣習法（customary law）、風習（conventions）、成文法、判例、または国際規則や国際規範が存在するといえる。 1215年にイギリスで制定された「マグナ・カルタ」が源流で、1789年のフランスで制定された「人間と市民の権利の宣言」では人権と国民主権が宣言され、アメリカ独立戦争以降、国民が憲法で国家権力を制限するものと捉えられる。国家の政治的統一体の構造や組織そのものを指す場合もあり（事実的意味の憲法）、このほか憲法は多義的な概念として論じられる。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Constitutional_law)

    Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or territorial governments. Not all nation states have codified constitutions, though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law, or international rules and norms. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles by which the government exercises its authority. In some instances, these principles grant specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and spend for the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to place limits on what the government can do, such as prohibiting the arrest of an individual without sufficient cause. In most nations, such as the United States, India, and Singapore, constitutional law is based on the text of a document ratified at the time the nation came into being. Other constitutions, notably that of the United Kingdom, rely heavily on uncodified rules, as several legislative statutes and constitutional conventions, their status within constitutional law varies, and the terms of conventions are in some cases strongly contested.

    立憲主義（りっけんしゅぎ、英: constitutionalism）とは、単に憲法に基づいて統治がなされるべきであるというのみならず、政治権力が憲法によって実質的に制限されなければならないという政治理念である。日本語での表現は「憲法に立脚する」という意味合いであるが、そこにいう「憲法」は権力の制約を伴う規範的憲法であり、名目的憲法に基づく統治は本来の意味での立憲主義に結びつかない（外見的立憲主義）。 立憲主義を前提とした民主制を立憲民主主義、やはり立憲主義を前提とした君主制を立憲君主制と呼ぶ。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Constitutional_law)