| definition |
- The most primitive of the living winged insects. It is thought they have been unchanged for more than 300 million years, and are among the oldest fossil insects. Cockroaches are usually found in tropical climates, but a few species, out of the total 3.500 known species, have become pests. They are common household pests in many countries, imported by ship and carried home in grocery bags. Cockroaches eat plant and animal products, including food, paper, clothing and soiled hospital waste, fouling everything they touch with their droppings and unpleasant odour, to which many people are allergic. They are a major health hazard and carry harmful bacteria, protozoan parasites and faunal pathogens, including those that cause typhoid, leprosy and salmonella. Conventional insecticides make little or no impact on the cockroaches population.
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| Abstract from DBPedia | Cockroaches (or roaches) are a paraphyletic group of insects belonging to Blattodea, containing all members of the group except termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. Some species are well-known as pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, with their ancestors, known as "roachoids", originating during the Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors, however, lacked the internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects lacking special adaptations (such as the sucking mouthparts of aphids and other true bugs); they have chewing mouthparts and are probably among the most primitive of living Neopteran insects. They are common and hardy insects capable of tolerating a wide range of climates, from Arctic cold to tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much larger than temperate species. Modern cockroaches are not considered to be a monophyletic group, as it has been found based on genetics that termites are deeply nested within the group, with some groups of cockroaches more closely related to termites than they are to other cockroaches. Some species, such as the gregarious German cockroach, have an elaborate social structure involving common shelter, social dependence, information transfer and kin recognition. Cockroaches have appeared in human culture since classical antiquity. They are popularly depicted as dirty pests, although the majority of species are inoffensive and live in a wide range of habitats around the world.ゴキブリ（英語: cockroach）は、昆虫綱ゴキブリ目(Blattodea)のうちシロアリ以外のものの総称。なおカマキリ目と合わせて網翅目 (Dictyoptera) を置き、Blattodeaをその下のゴキブリ亜目とすることがあるが、その場合、ゴキブリはゴキブリ亜目（のうちシロアリ以外）となる。 生きた化石の一つ。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cockroach) Cockroaches (or roaches) are a paraphyletic group of insects belonging to Blattodea, containing all members of the group except termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. Some species are well-known as pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, with their ancestors, known as "roachoids", originating during the Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors, however, lacked the internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects lacking special adaptations (such as the sucking mouthparts of aphids and other true bugs); they have chewing mouthparts and are probably among the most primitive of living Neopteran insects. They are common and hardy insects capable of tolerating a wide range of climates, from Arctic cold to tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much larger than temperate species. Modern cockroaches are not considered to be a monophyletic group, as it has been found based on genetics that termites are deeply nested within the group, with some groups of cockroaches more closely related to termites than they are to other cockroaches. Some species, such as the gregarious German cockroach, have an elaborate social structure involving common shelter, social dependence, information transfer and kin recognition. Cockroaches have appeared in human culture since classical antiquity. They are popularly depicted as dirty pests, although the majority of species are inoffensive and live in a wide range of habitats around the world.ゴキブリ目 （ゴキブリもく、英:Blattodea）は、ゴキブリとシロアリを含む昆虫の目である。かつてシロアリは別分類 (等翅目,Isoptera) と考えられていたが、遺伝子や分子的な証拠がゴキブリと共通の祖先から進化したことを示唆している。ゴキブリ目とカマキリ目は現在どちらも網翅上目の一部と考えられている。ゴキブリ目には、約500属4400種のゴキブリと約300属3000種のシロアリが含まれる。 シロアリがコロニーを形成する淡い色で柔らかい体の真社会性昆虫であるのに対し、ゴキブリは体色が暗く（多くは茶色）、表皮は硬化し、はっきりした体節のくびれを持つ。シロアリのコロニーには、成熟した雌雄の生殖虫である王と女王、多数の非生殖虫である働きアリと兵アリからなる階級制（カースト）がある。ゴキブリはコロニー型ではないが集団を作る習性があり、全ての成虫が繁殖可能であることから前社会性とみなされる場合がある。このほか両グループの類似点としては、様々な社会的行動、足跡を辿る習性、血縁認識、コミュニケーション方法などがある。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cockroach) |
