| Abstract from DBPedia | Climate change mitigation is action to limit climate change, for example by reducing the rate of increase in the concentration of heat-trapping greenhouse gases (GHGs). The recent rise in global average temperature is mostly caused by GHGs that are released when fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) are burned. Mitigation measures can reduce GHG emissions for example by transitioning to sustainable energy sources, conserving energy, and increasing efficiency. In addition, CO2 can be removed from the atmosphere by enlarging forests, restoring wetlands and using other natural and technical processes, which are grouped together under the term of carbon sequestration. Solar energy and wind power have the highest climate change mitigation potential at lowest cost compared to a range of other options. Variable availability of sunshine and wind is addressed by energy storage and improved electrical grids, including long-distance electricity transmission, demand management and diversification of renewables. As low-carbon power is more widely available, transportation and heating can increasingly rely on these sources. Energy efficiency is improved using heat pumps and electric vehicles. If industrial processes must create carbon dioxide, carbon capture and storage can reduce net emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture include methane as well as nitrous oxide, both with a high short-term impact. They can be reduced by farming fewer cattle. Climate change mitigation policies include: carbon pricing by carbon taxes and carbon emission trading, easing regulations for renewable energy deployment, reductions of fossil fuel subsidies, and divestment from fossil fuel finance, and subsidies for clean energy. Current policies are estimated to produce global warming of about 2.7 °C by 2100. This warming is significantly above the 2015 Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 °C and preferably to 1.5 °C.地球温暖化への対策は、その方向性により、温暖化を抑制する「緩和」（mitigation）と、温暖化への「適応」（adaptation）の2つに大別できる。 地球温暖化の緩和策として様々な自主的な努力、および政策による対策が進められ、幾つかはその有効性が認められている。現在のところ、その効果は温暖化を抑制するには全く足りず、現在も温室効果ガスの排出量は増え続けている。しかし現在人類が持つ緩和策を組み合わせれば、今後数十年間の間に温室効果ガス排出量の増加を抑制したり、現状以下の排出量にすることは経済的に可能であるとされる。同時に、「今後20 - 30年間の緩和努力が大きな影響力を持つ」「気候変動に対する早期かつ強力な対策の利益は、そのコストを凌駕する」とも予測されており、現状よりも大規模かつ早急な対策の必要性が指摘されている（IPCC第4次評価報告書 第三作業部会報告書〈以降『AR4 WG III』とする〉、スターン報告）。 地球温暖化の緩和策と平行して、すでに起こりつつある地球温暖化による影響への対策、いわゆる適応策についても、さまざまな自主的行動、政策的行動が進められている。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Climate_change_mitigation) |
