| Abstract from DBPedia | An alkaline battery (IEC code: L) is a type of primary battery that derives its energy from the reaction between zinc metal and manganese dioxide. Compared with zinc–carbon batteries of the Leclanché cell or zinc chloride types, alkaline batteries have a higher energy density and longer shelf life, yet provide the same voltage. The alkaline battery gets its name because it has an alkaline electrolyte of potassium hydroxide (KOH) instead of the acidic ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) or zinc chloride (ZnCl2) electrolyte of the zinc–carbon batteries. Other battery systems also use alkaline electrolytes, but they use different active materials for the electrodes. Alkaline batteries account for 80% of manufactured batteries in the US and over 10 billion individual units produced worldwide. In Japan, alkaline batteries account for 46% of all primary battery sales. In Switzerland, alkaline batteries account for 68%, in the UK 60% and in the EU 47% of all battery sales including secondary types. Alkaline batteries contain zinc (Zn) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) (Health codes 1), which is a cumulative neurotoxin and can be toxic in higher concentrations. However, compared to other battery types, the toxicity of alkaline batteries is moderate. Alkaline batteries are used in many household items such as MP3 players, CD players, digital cameras, toys, flashlights, and radios.アルカリマンガン乾電池（アルカリマンガンかんでんち）は、主に一次電池として使われている乾電池の一種で、正極に二酸化マンガンと黒鉛の粉末、負極に亜鉛、電解液に水酸化カリウムなどが用いられている。一般的な通称はアルカリ乾電池と呼ばれているが、JISでの名称は「アルカリマンガン乾電池」となっている。以降はアルカリマンガン乾電池を通称のアルカリ乾電池と読み替えて説明する。 アルカリ乾電池は電解液が水溶液であるため、使用時でなくても亜鉛の自己放電と水素発生反応が同時に進行する。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alkaline_battery) |
