| Abstract from DBPedia | Alabama (/ˌæləˈbæmə/) is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered by Tennessee to the north; Georgia to the east; Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south; and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states. With a total of 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of inland waterways, Alabama has among the most of any state. Alabama is nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the "Heart of Dixie" and the "Cotton State". The state tree is the longleaf pine, and the state flower is the camellia. Alabama's capital is Montgomery, and its largest city by population and area is Huntsville. Its oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists in 1702 as the capital of French Louisiana. Greater Birmingham is Alabama's largest metropolitan area and its economic center. Originally home to many native tribes, present-day Alabama was a Spanish territory beginning in the sixteenth century until the French acquired it in the early eighteenth century. The British won the territory in 1763 until losing it in the American Revolutionary War. Spain held Mobile as part of Spanish West Florida until 1813. In December 1819, Alabama was recognized as a state. During the antebellum period, Alabama was a major producer of cotton, and widely used African American slave labor. In 1861, the state seceded from the United States to become part of the Confederate States of America, with Montgomery acting as its first capital, and rejoined the Union in 1868. Following the American Civil War, Alabama would suffer decades of economic hardship, in part due to agriculture and a few cash crops being the main driver of the states economy. Similar to other former slave states, Alabamian legislators employed Jim Crow laws which disenfranchised and discriminated against African Americans and also Alabama's French Creole population from the late 19th century up until the 1960s. In the early 20th century, despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature through the mid-20th century. During this time, urban interests and African Americans were markedly under-represented. High-profile events such as the Selma to Montgomery march made the state a major focal point of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. During and after World War II, Alabama grew as the state's economy diversified with new industries. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville would help Alabama's economic growth in the mid-to-late 20th century, by developing an aerospace industry. Alabama's economy in the 21st century is based on automotive, finance, tourism, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology. The state's geography is diverse, with the north dominated by the mountainous Tennessee Valley and the south by Mobile Bay, a historically significant port. Politically, as part of the Deep South, Alabama is predominantly a conservative state, and is known for its Southern culture. Within Alabama, American football, particularly at the college level at schools such as the University of Alabama, Auburn University, Alabama A&M University, Alabama State University, Troy University, the University of South Alabama, and Jacksonville State University, plays a major part of the state's culture.アラバマ州（アラバマしゅう、英語: State of Alabama）は、アメリカ合衆国南部に位置する州。人口は5,024,279人（2020年国勢調査）である。州都はモンゴメリー市。他に市域人口では州内最大で、アメリカ航空宇宙局関連施設が集中するハンツビル、都市圏では州内最大のバーミングハム、州内唯一の港湾都市モービルなどの主要都市がある。北はテネシー州、東はジョージア州、南はフロリダ州とメキシコ湾、西はミシシッピ州と接している。アメリカ合衆国50州の中で、陸地面積では第30位、人口では第24位である。内陸まで航行できる水路総延長が1,300マイル (2,100 km) あることでは、国内でも最長クラスにある。 南北戦争から第二次世界大戦まで、他の南部州と同様に農業への依存が続いていたこともあって、アラバマ州は経済的に困難な時代を味わった。工業や都市部が成長したにも拘わらず、1960年代までは田園部の白人の利権が州議会を支配しており、都市部とアフリカ系アメリカ人の権利は優先されなかった。第二次世界大戦後、アラバマ州は農業依存経済から多様化された経済に移行して成長してきた。多くのアメリカ軍基地が設立または拡張されたことも経済発展に寄与し、20世紀半ばに農業と工業経済の橋渡し役となった。21世紀の州経済は経営管理、金融、製造、航空宇宙、鉱業、医療、教育、小売りおよび技術に依存している。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alabama) |
