| Abstract from DBPedia | A magnetometer is a device that measures magnetic field or magnetic dipole moment. Different types of magnetometers measure the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location. A compass is one such device, one that measures the direction of an ambient magnetic field, in this case, the Earth's magnetic field. Other magnetometers measure the magnetic dipole moment of a magnetic material such as a ferromagnet, for example by recording the effect of this magnetic dipole on the induced current in a coil. The first magnetometer capable of measuring the absolute magnetic intensity at a point in space was invented by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1833 and notable developments in the 19th century included the Hall effect, which is still widely used. Magnetometers are widely used for measuring the Earth's magnetic field, in geophysical surveys, to detect magnetic anomalies of various types, and to determine the dipole moment of magnetic materials. In an aircraft's attitude and heading reference system, they are commonly used as a heading reference. Magnetometers are also used by the military as a triggering mechanism in magnetic mines to detect submarines. Consequently, some countries, such as the United States, Canada and Australia, classify the more sensitive magnetometers as military technology, and control their distribution. Magnetometers can be used as metal detectors: they can detect only magnetic (ferrous) metals, but can detect such metals at a much greater distance than conventional metal detectors which rely on conductivity; they are capable of detecting large objects, such as cars, at over 10 metres (33 ft), while a metal detector's range is rarely more than 2 metres (6 ft 7 in). In recent years, magnetometers have been miniaturized to the extent that they can be incorporated in integrated circuits at very low cost and are finding increasing use as miniaturized compasses (MEMS magnetic field sensor).磁気センサ（じきセンサ）は、磁場（磁界）の大きさ・方向を計測することを目的としたセンサ。 測定対象磁場の強さ、交流・直流の別や測定環境等、目的に応じて多種多様な磁気センサが存在する。用途は、純粋な磁場計測のみならず、電流センサ、磁気ヘッド、移動体探知器等、電気・電子系をはじめとして、ありとあらゆる工学分野に亘っており、各種のセンサの中でも極めて多彩な部類といえる。 なお、磁界センサ、磁力計等、多くの同義語が存在する。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Magnetometer) |
