Sponges

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  • Sponges
definition
  • Sponges are multicellular organisms with no discrete tissues and organs but with a skeleton composed of collagen (with or without mineral elements), and a tubular water filtration system driven by specialized uniflagellate cells.  They have a free living sessile habit and are mainly marine at all depths and latitudes but some occur in freshwater. 
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Abstract from DBPedia
    Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (/pəˈrɪfərə/; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the last common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals.

    海綿動物(かいめんどうぶつ、英: sponge)は、海綿動物門(羅: Porifera)に属する動物の総称である。海綿、カイメンなどとも表記される。 熱帯の海を中心に世界中のあらゆる海に生息する。淡水に生息する種も存在する。壺状、扇状、杯状など様々な形態をもつ種が存在し、同種であっても生息環境によって形状が異なる場合もある。大きさは数mmから1mを越すもの(南極海に生息する樽状の海綿 Scolymastra joubini)まで多様である。多細胞生物であるが、細胞間の結合はゆるく、はっきりとした器官等の分化は見られない。細かい網目状の海綿質繊維からなる骨格はスポンジとして化粧用や沐浴用に用いられる。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sponge)