| Abstract from DBPedia | An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, damage critical infrastructure, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a particular time period. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth is the average rate of seismic energy release per unit volume. The word tremor is also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides. In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether natural or caused by humans—that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults but also by other events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called its hypocenter or focus. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter.地震（じしん、英: earthquake）は、以下の2つの意味で用いられる。 1.
* 地震学における定義: 地球表面を構成している岩盤（地殻）の内部で、固く密着している岩石同士が、断層と呼ばれる破壊面を境目にして、急激にずれ動くこと。これによって大きな地面の振動が生じ、これを地震動（じしんどう）という。 2.
* 大地のゆれ: 地震動のことで一般的にはこちらも「地震」と呼ばれる。「地震」（なゐふる）という語句は『日本書紀』にも見え、その他古文書の記録にも登場するが、これらは今日の地震学における地震動のことであり、また「大地震」・「小地震」などと共に震度の程度を表すものでもあった。 地震を専門とした学問を地震学という。地震学は地球物理学の一分野である。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Earthquake) |
