| Abstract from DBPedia | In materials science, hardness (antonym: softness) is a measure of the resistance to localized plastic deformation induced by either mechanical indentation or abrasion. In general, different materials differ in their hardness; for example hard metals such as titanium and beryllium are harder than soft metals such as sodium and metallic tin, or wood and common plastics. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, but the behavior of solid materials under force is complex; therefore, hardness can be measured in different ways, such as scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. Hardness is dependent on ductility, elastic stiffness, plasticity, strain, strength, toughness, viscoelasticity, and viscosity. Common examples of hard matter are ceramics, concrete, certain metals, and superhard materials, which can be contrasted with soft matter.硬さ（かたさ、英: hardness、硬度）とは物質、材料の特に表面または表面近傍の機械的性質の一つであり、材料が異物によって変形や傷を与えられようとする時の、物体の変形しにくさ、物体の傷つきにくさである。工業的に比較的簡単に検査でき、これを硬さ試験法と呼ぶ。例えば鋼製品の熱処理結果の管理などに用いられている。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hardness) |
