| Abstract from DBPedia | An amoeba (/əˈmiːbə/; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; plural am(o)ebas or am(o)ebae /əˈmiːbi/), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods. Amoebae do not form a single taxonomic group; instead, they are found in every major lineage of eukaryotic organisms. Amoeboid cells occur not only among the protozoa, but also in fungi, algae, and animals. Microbiologists often use the terms "amoeboid" and "amoeba" interchangeably for any organism that exhibits amoeboid movement. In older classification systems, most amoebae were placed in the class or subphylum Sarcodina, a grouping of single-celled organisms that possess pseudopods or move by protoplasmic flow. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Sarcodina is not a monophyletic group whose members share common descent. Consequently, amoeboid organisms are no longer classified together in one group. The best known amoeboid protists are Chaos carolinense and Amoeba proteus, both of which have been widely cultivated and studied in classrooms and laboratories. Other well known species include the so-called "brain-eating amoeba" Naegleria fowleri, the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic dysentery, and the multicellular "social amoeba" or slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.アメーバ（amoeba, ameba, amœba）は、単細胞で基本的に鞭毛や繊毛を持たず、仮足で運動する原生生物の総称である。また仮足を持つ生物一般や細胞を指してこの言葉を使う場合もある。ギリシャ語で「変化」を意味する αμοιβη（amoibē） に由来する。 アメーバという語は意味が広いため、この項ではまず分類学的にもまとまっている典型的なアメーバについて説明し、その後で様々な「アメーバ」と呼ばれる生物について概要を述べ、最後に「アメーバ」と呼ばれる細胞について述べる。アメーバという語の一般社会での用法については最後にまとめる。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Amoeba) |
