| Abstract from DBPedia | In pharmacology, bioavailability is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (%) of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medication is administered via routes other than intravenous, its bioavailability is generally lower than that of intravenous due to intestinal endothelium absorption and first-pass metabolism. Thereby, mathematically, bioavailability equals the ratio of comparing the area under the plasma drug concentration curve versus time (AUC) for the extravascular formulation to the AUC for the intravascular formulation. AUC is used because AUC is proportional to the dose that has entered the systemic circulation. Bioavailability of a drug is an average value; to take population variability into account, deviation range is shown as ±. To ensure that the drug taker who has poor absorption is dosed appropriately, the bottom value of the deviation range is employed to represent real bioavailability and to calculate the drug dose needed for the drug taker to achieve systemic concentrations similar to the intravenous formulation. To dose without knowing the drug taker's absorption rate, the bottom value of the deviation range is used in order to ensure the intended efficacy, unless the drug is associated with a narrow therapeutic window. For dietary supplements, herbs and other nutrients in which the route of administration is nearly always oral, bioavailability generally designates simply the quantity or fraction of the ingested dose that is absorbed.バイオアベイラビリティ（英: bioavailability）または生物学的利用能（せいぶつがくてきりようのう）もしくは生体利用率とは、薬剤学において、服用した薬物が全身循環に到達する割合をあらわす定数である。定義上、薬物が静脈内に投与される場合、そのバイオアベイラビリティは100%となる。一方、薬物がそれ以外の経路（例えば経口摂取）により投与される場合は、全身循環に到達するまでに不十分な吸収と初回通過効果を受けるため、そのバイオアベイラビリティは減少する事になる。静脈内投与以外の経路で投与する際、投薬量の計算にバイオアベイラビリティを考慮する必要がある事から、バイオアベイラビリティは薬物動態学において必須のツールである。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bioavailability) |
