| Abstract from DBPedia | An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil. Oil spills penetrate into the structure of the plumage of birds and the fur of mammals, reducing its insulating ability, and making them more vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and much less buoyant in the water. Cleanup and recovery from an oil spill is difficult and depends upon many factors, including the type of oil spilled, the temperature of the water (affecting evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of shorelines and beaches involved. Spills may take weeks, months or even years to clean up. Oil spills can have disastrous consequences for society; economically, environmentally, and socially. As a result, oil spill accidents have initiated intense media attention and political uproar, bringing many together in a political struggle concerning government response to oil spills and what actions can best prevent them from happening.石油流出（せきゆりゅうしゅつ）、または油流出（あぶらりゅうしゅつ）は、液体の石油系炭化水素が人為的に自然環境に流出することをいい、しばしば海への流出を指す。液体の石油系炭化水素とは石油、ガソリン、軽油といった生成された石油製品のほか、副産物、舶用燃料油、廃油、廃油混合油など様々なものを含む（以下、石油と表記）。流出した石油を除去するには数か月ないし数年を要する。流出した石油は海洋環境に悪影響を及ぼす。石油による人為的な汚染のほとんどは人間の陸上での活動によるものであるが、世間の関心や規制が最も向けられるのは石油タンカーに対してである。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Oil_spill) |
