| Abstract from DBPedia | The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla /ˌɑːrtioʊˈdæktɪlə/, from Ancient Greek ἄρτιος, ártios 'even', and δάκτυλος, dáktylos 'finger, toe') are ungulates—hoofed animals—which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes: the third and fourth. The other three toes are either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing posteriorly. By contrast, odd-toed ungulates bear weight on an odd number of the five toes. Another difference between the two is that many other even-toed ungulates (with the exception of Suina) digest plant cellulose in one or more stomach chambers rather than in their intestine as the odd-toed ungulates do. Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) evolved from even-toed ungulates, and are therefore often classified under the same taxonomic branch because a species cannot outgrow its evolutionary ancestry; some modern taxonomists combine the two under the name Cetartiodactyla /sɪˌtɑːrtioʊˈdæktɪlə/, while others opt to include cetaceans in the already-existing Artiodactyla. The roughly 270 land-based even-toed ungulate species include pigs, peccaries, hippopotamuses, antelopes, deer, giraffes, camels, llamas, alpacas, sheep, goats, and cattle. Many are herbivores, but suids are omnivorous, while cetaceans are almost exclusively carnivorous. Many of these are of great dietary, economic, and cultural importance to humans.偶蹄目（ぐうていもく、Artiodactyla）は、哺乳綱の目。別名ウシ目。 近年の分子系統解析から鯨目を内包するという解析結果が得られ、旧来の本目と鯨目を組み合わせてその分類群に対し鯨偶蹄目Cetartiodactylaを用いる説と、鯨類を含んだ本目に対しても引き続きArtiodactylaを用いる説がある。 鯨類（クジラ類）を除く旧来の偶蹄目は側系統群であることが判明しているが、この側系統群に対しては引き続き慣例的に「偶蹄類」と呼ぶ場合が多い。本稿では主に、鯨偶蹄目から鯨類を除いた陸生の偶蹄類（側系統群）について記す。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Even-toed_ungulate) |
