Zaire
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ベルギー領コンゴ（ベルギーりょうコンゴ）は、かつてアフリカに存在したベルギーの植民地である。現在のコンゴ民主共和国を領域とする。ベルギー国王レオポルド2世が、その私領コンゴ自由国の支配権をベルギー政府に委譲した1908年11月15日から、コンゴ民主共和国として独立する1960年6月30日まで存在した。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Zaire) Zaire (/zɑːˈɪər/, also UK: /zaɪˈɪər/), officially the Republic of Zaire (French: République du Zaïre, [ʁepyblik dy zaiʁ]), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, by area, the third-largest country in Africa (after Sudan and Algeria), and the 11th-largest country in the world. With a population of over 23 million inhabitants, Zaire was the most-populous officially Francophone country in Africa, as well as one of the most populous in Africa. The country was a one-party totalitarian military dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence from Belgium known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution, and foreign assets were nationalized. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese Republic. A wider campaign of Authenticité, ridding the country of the influences from the colonial era of the Belgian Congo, was also launched under Mobutu's direction. Weakened by the termination of American support after the end of the Cold War, Mobutu was forced to declare a new republic in 1990 to cope with demands for change. By the time of its downfall, Zaire was characterised by widespread cronyism, corruption and economic mismanagement. Zaire collapsed in the 1990s, amid the destabilization of the eastern parts of the country in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide and growing ethnic violence. In 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila, the head of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL) militia, led a popular rebellion against Mobutu. With rebel forces successfully making gains westward, Mobutu fled the country, leaving Kabila's forces in charge as the country restored its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo the following year, and he died less than four months later while in exile in Morocco.ザイール共和国（ザイールきょうわこく、仏: République du Zaïre）、通称ザイールは、コンゴ民主共和国でモブツ・セセ・セコが権力を掌握していた1971年から1997年まで用いられていた国名である。国名はコンゴ川のポルトガル語名であるザイール川（現在はポルトガル語でもコンゴ川と呼ばれている）に由来する。 ほぼ全期間を通じて大統領を務めたモブツ固有の個人独裁国家体制というイメージから、彼が（コンゴ民主共和国第2代大統領として）就任した1965年がザイール共和国の「建国」であるとの誤解が見られることもあるが、国名変更を行ったのは1971年である。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Zaire) Zaire (/zɑːˈɪər/, also UK: /zaɪˈɪər/), officially the Republic of Zaire (French: République du Zaïre, [ʁepyblik dy zaiʁ]), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, by area, the third-largest country in Africa (after Sudan and Algeria), and the 11th-largest country in the world. With a population of over 23 million inhabitants, Zaire was the most-populous officially Francophone country in Africa, as well as one of the most populous in Africa. The country was a one-party totalitarian military dictatorship, run by Mobutu Sese Seko and his ruling Popular Movement of the Revolution party. Zaire was established following Mobutu's seizure of power in a military coup in 1965, following five years of political upheaval following independence from Belgium known as the Congo Crisis. Zaire had a strongly centralist constitution, and foreign assets were nationalized. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second Congolese Republic. A wider campaign of Authenticité, ridding the country of the influences from the colonial era of the Belgian Congo, was also launched under Mobutu's direction. Weakened by the termination of American support after the end of the Cold War, Mobutu was forced to declare a new republic in 1990 to cope with demands for change. By the time of its downfall, Zaire was characterised by widespread cronyism, corruption and economic mismanagement. Zaire collapsed in the 1990s, amid the destabilization of the eastern parts of the country in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide and growing ethnic violence. In 1996, Laurent-Désiré Kabila, the head of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL) militia, led a popular rebellion against Mobutu. With rebel forces successfully making gains westward, Mobutu fled the country, leaving Kabila's forces in charge as the country restored its name to the Democratic Republic of the Congo the following year, and he died less than four months later while in exile in Morocco.コンゴ民主共和国（コンゴみんしゅきょうわこく、仏: République démocratique du Congo）は、中部アフリカに位置する共和制国家。首都はキンシャサ特別州。 北西にコンゴ共和国、南西にアンゴラ、南にザンビア、東にタンザニア、ブルンジ、ルワンダ、北東にウガンダ、南スーダン、北に中央アフリカ共和国と国境を接し、西は大西洋に面する。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Zaire) |