| Abstract from DBPedia | In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions on Earth are lava dome forming. The geochemistry of lava domes can vary from basalt (e.g. Semeru, 1946) to rhyolite (e.g. Chaiten, 2010) although the majority are of intermediate composition (such as Santiaguito, dacite-andesite, present day) The characteristic dome shape is attributed to high viscosity that prevents the lava from flowing very far. This high viscosity can be obtained in two ways: by high levels of silica in the magma, or by degassing of fluid magma. Since viscous basaltic and andesitic domes weather fast and easily break apart by further input of fluid lava, most of the preserved domes have high silica content and consist of rhyolite or dacite. Existence of lava domes has been suggested for some domed structures on the Moon, Venus, and Mars, e.g. the Martian surface in the western part of Arcadia Planitia and within Terra Sirenum.溶岩円頂丘（ようがんえんちょうきゅう）または溶岩ドーム（ようがんドーム、英: Lava dome）とは、火山から粘度の高い水飴状の溶岩が押し出されてできた、ほぼドーム状の地形である。上空からはおおよそ円形に見え、地上から見ると土饅頭、あるいは円墳のような外観を成した隆起を成す。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lava_dome) |
