| Abstract from DBPedia | A caldera (/kɔːlˈdɛrə, kæl-/ kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is gone. The ground surface then collapses into the emptied or partially emptied magma chamber, leaving a large depression at the surface (from one to dozens of kilometers in diameter). Although sometimes described as a crater, the feature is actually a type of sinkhole, as it is formed through subsidence and collapse rather than an explosion or impact. Compared to the thousands of volcanic eruptions that occur each century, the formation of a caldera is a rare event, occurring only a few times per century. Only seven caldera-forming collapses are known to have occurred between 1911 and 2016. More recently, a caldera collapse occurred at Kīlauea, Hawaii in 2018.カルデラ（西: caldera）とは、火山の活動によってできた大きな凹地のことである。「釜」「鍋」という意味のスペイン語に由来し、カルデラが初めて研究されたカナリア諸島での現地名による。本来は単に地形的な凹みを指す言葉で明瞭な定義はなく、比較的大きな火山火口や火山地域の盆地状の地形一般を指す場合がある。過去にカルデラが形成されたものの、現在は侵食や埋没によって地表に明瞭凹地として地形をとどめていない場合もカルデラと呼ぶ。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Caldera) |
