| Abstract from DBPedia | The Permian (/ˈpɜːrmi.ən/ PUR-mee-ən) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in place of their amphibian ancestors. Various authors recognise at least three, and possibly four extinction events in the Permian. The end of the Early Permian (Cisuralian) saw a major faunal turnover, with most lineages of primitive "pelycosaur" synapsids becoming extinct, being replaced by more advanced therapsids. The end of the Capitanian Stage of the Permian was marked by the major Capitanian mass extinction event, associated with the eruption of the Emeishan Traps. The Permian (along with the Paleozoic) ended with the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in Earth's history (which is the last of the three or four crises that occurred in the Permian), in which nearly 81% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial species died out, associated with the eruption of the Siberian Traps. It took well into the Triassic for life to recover from this catastrophe; on land, ecosystems took 30 million years to recover.ペルム紀（ペルムき、Permian period）は、今から約2億9900万年前から約2億5100万年前までを指す地質時代である。ただし開始と終了の時期はそれぞれ数百万年の誤差がある。以前はドイツの（上下二分される）地層名から二畳紀（にじょうき）と呼ばれることが多かったが、近年はペルム紀と呼ばれることが多い。石炭紀の後、三畳紀（トリアス紀）の前の紀である。また、古生代の最後の紀であり、ペルム紀が終わると中生代となる。ペルム紀という名前は、ロシアのペルミという都市から名付けられた。ペルム紀は約2億7300万年前までを前期（Cisuralian）、約2億5900万年前までを中期（Guadalupian）、それ以降を後期（Lopingian）として区分される（こちらも開始と終了の時期はそれぞれ数百万から数十万年程の誤差がある）。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Permian) |
