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- GOES 9 was launched on May 23, 1995. GOES-9, which is currently partially operational, is being provided to the Japanese Meteorological Agency to replace their failing geostationary satellite. GOES I-M represents the next generation of meteorological satellites and introduces two new features. The first feature, flexible scan, offers small-scale area imaging that lets meteorologists take pictures of local weather trouble spots. This allows them to improve short-term forecasts over local areas. The second feature, simultaneous and independent imaging and sounding, is designed to allow weather forecasters to use multiple measurements of weather phenomena to increase the accuracy of their forecasts. Each satellite in the series carries two major instruments: an Imager and a Sounder. These instruments acquire high resolution visible and infrared data, as well as temperature and moisture profiles of the atmosphere. They continuously transmit these data to ground terminals where the data are processed for rebroadcast to primary weather services both in the United States and around the world, including the global research community. The GOES I-M mission is scheduled to run from the mid-1990s into the first decade of the 21st century. Each element of the mission has been designed to meet all in-orbit performance requirements for at least five years. The GOES I-M system performs the following basic functions: + Acquisition, processing, and dissemination of imaging and sounding data. + Acquisition and dissemination of Space Environment Monitor (SEM) data. + Reception and relay of data from ground-based Data Collection Platforms (DCPs) that are situated in carefully selected urban and remote areas to the NOAA Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) station. + Continuous relay of Weather Facsimile (WEFAX) and other data to users, independent of all other functions. + Relay of distress signals from people, aircraft, or marine vessels to the search and rescue ground stations of the Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) system. GOES provides the instantaneous relay functions for the SARSAT system. A dedicated search and rescue transponder on board GOES is designed to detect emergency distress signals originating from Earth-based sources. These unique identification signals are normally combined with signals received by a low-Earth orbiting satellite system and relayed to a search and rescue ground terminal. The combined data are used to perform effective search and rescue operations. The GOES I-M system serves a region covering the central and eastern Pacific Ocean; North, Central, and South America; and the central and western Atlantic Ocean. Pacific coverage includes Hawaii and the Gulf of Alaska. This is accomplished by two satellites, GOES West located at 135 west longitude and GOES East at 75 west longitude. A common ground station, the CDA station located at Wallops, Virginia, supports the interface to both satellites. The NOAA Satellite Operations Control Center (SOCC), in Suitland, Maryland, provides spacecraft scheduling, health and safety monitoring, and engineering analyses. Delivery of products involves ground processing of the raw instrument data for radiometric calibration and Earth location information, and retransmission to the satellite for relay to the data user community. The processed data are received at the control center and disseminated to the National Weather Service's (NWS) National Meteorological Center, Camp Springs, Maryland, and NWS forecast offices, including the National Hurricane Center, Miami, Florida, and the National Severe Storms Forecast Center, Kansas City, Missouri. Processed data are also received by Department of Defense installations, universities, and numerous private commercial users. *The GOES-9 satellite was replaced by GOES-10 in July 1998*
MAIN SPACECRAFT DESIGN ELEMENTS Mission life 5 years, minimum Dimensions Main body 2 meter (7 foot) cube Deployed length 27 meters (88 feet) Weight 2100 kg (4600 lb) Orbit Geosynchronous Altitude 36,000 km (22,000 mi) Longitude 75W and 135W Latitude equatorial, within 0.5 degree Power 1050 watts @ 42 volts, solar array; battery backup Launch vehicle Atlas-I/Centaur (GOES-I/K), Atlas-II/Centaur (GOES-L/M) Communications Imager and Sounder in GVAR format at 2.1 Mbits/sec GOES-I/M IMAGER The GOES Imager is a multi-channel instrument designed to sense radiant and solar-reflected energy from sampled areas of the Earth. The multi-element spectral channels simultaneously sweep east-west and west-east along a north-to-south path by means of a two-axis mirror scan system. The instrument can produce full-Earth disc images, sector images that contain the edges of the Earth, and various sizes of area scans completely enclosed within the Earth scene using a new flexible scan system. Scan selection permits rapid continuous viewing of local areas for monitoring of mesoscale (regional) phenomena and accurate wind determination. IMAGER CHANNELS AND PRODUCTS CHANNEL 1 2* 3* 4 5* WAVELENGTH (um) 0.65 3.9 6.7 11 12 PRODUCT Clouds x x x x x Water Vapor* x x x Surface Temp. o x o Winds x x x Albedo + IR Flux x o x o Fires + Smoke x x o o KEY: * = new operational data x = primary channel o = secondary channel GOES-I/M SOUNDER The GOES Sounder is a 19-channel discrete-filter radiometer covering the spectral range from the visible channel wavelengths to 15 microns. It is designed to provide data from which atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, surface and cloud-top temperatures, and ozone distribution can be deduced by mathematical analysis. It operates independently of and simultaneously with the Imager, using a similarly flexible scan system. The Sounder's multi-element detector array assemblies simultaneously sample four separate fields or atmospheric columns. A rotating filter wheel, which brings spectral filters into the optical path of the detector array, provides the infrared channel definition. PRODUCTS, RESOLUTION AND ACCURACY RESOLUTION (km) ACCURACY Vert. Horiz. Absolute Relative PRODUCT TEMPERATURE Profile 3-5 50 2-3 K 1 K Land --- 10 2 K 1 K Sea --- 10 1 K 0.5 K MOISTURE Profile 2-4 50 30% 20% Total --- 10 20% 10% Motion 3 layers 50 6 m/sec 3 m/sec CLOUD Height 2 layers 10 50 mb 25 mb Amount total 10 15% 5% OZONE* Total --- 50 30% 15% Motion 1 layer 50 10 m/sec 5 m/sec IR Flux* total 50 10 W/m^2 3 W/m^2 KEY: * = potential future product GOES 9 information is available at: "http://www.oso.noaa.gov/goes/"
To view a 3D orbit, observe the J Track satellite tracking web page at: "http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/realtime/Jtrack/"
Group: Platform_Details Entry_ID: GOES-9 Group: Platform_Identification Platform_Category: Earth Observation Satellites Platform_Series_or_Entity: GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) Short_Name: GOES-9 Long_Name: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 9 End_Group Group: Synonymous_Platform_Names Short_Name: GOES J End_Group Group: Platform_Associated_Instruments Short_Name: GOES I-M IMAGER Short_Name: GOES I-M SOUNDER End_Group Group: Orbit Orbit_Type: GEO > Geosynchronous > Geostationary End_Group Creation_Date: 2007-10-04 Online_Resource: http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/realtime/Jtrack/ Group: Platform_Logistics Launch_Date: 1995-05-23 Primary_Sponsor: USA/NASA Primary_Sponsor: USA/NOAA End_Group End_Group
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