Abstract from DBPedia | Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution). Accordingly, soil is a three-state system of solids, liquids, and gases. Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. It continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologists regard soil as an ecosystem. Most soils have a dry bulk density (density of soil taking into account voids when dry) between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm3, though the soil particle density is much higher, in the range of 2.6 to 2.7 g/cm3. Little of the soil of planet Earth is older than the Pleistocene and none is older than the Cenozoic, although fossilized soils are preserved from as far back as the Archean. The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. Collectively, Earth's body of soil, called the pedosphere, has four important functions:
* as a medium for plant growth
* as a means of water storage, supply and purification
* as a modifier of Earth's atmosphere
* as a habitat for organisms All of these functions, in their turn, modify the soil and its properties. Soil science has two basic branches of study: edaphology and pedology. Edaphology studies the influence of soils on living things. Pedology focuses on the formation, description (morphology), and classification of soils in their natural environment. In engineering terms, soil is included in the broader concept of regolith, which also includes other loose material that lies above the bedrock, as can be found on the Moon and other celestial objects.土壌(どじょう)とは、地球上の陸地の表面を覆っている鉱物、有機物、気体、液体、生物の混合物である。一般には土(つち)とも呼ばれる。陸地および水面2メートル以下の堆積物を指す。 地球の土壌は土壌圏を構成し、以下の4つの重要な機能を持って生命を支えている。
* 植物の生育媒体。
* 水を蓄え、供給し、浄化する。
* 地球の大気の組成を変える。
* (植物以外を含む)生物の住みかとなる。 これら全ての機能は、土壌を変化させる働きを持っている。 土壌圏は岩石圏、水圏、大気圏、生物圏と接触する。土壌は鉱物と有機物から成る固体の部分と、気体(土壌空気)と水(土壌溶液)を蓄える間隙(空隙)とで構成される。すなわち、土壌は固相、液相、気相の三相システムである。 土壌が生成されるためには母材(土壌の元となる材料)、気候、地形、生物、時間という5つの因子がある。土壌は侵食による風化など、多くの物理的、化学的、生物的過程によって常に変化している。土壌はとても複雑で強い内部相互作用を持つ生態系である。 多くの土壌の仮比重(水がない状態での間隙を含んだ土壌の密度、乾燥密度とも言う)は 1.1 から 1.6 g/cm3 であり、土粒子そのものの密度は 2.6 から 2.7 g/cm3 とずっと大きい。地球上には更新世よりも古い土壌はほとんどなく、新生代よりも古い土壌は全くない。ただし、太古代の土壌が化石土壌として残っていることがある。 土壌学はエダフォロジー (edaphology) とペドロジー (pedology) に分かれる。エダフォロジーは土壌が生物に与える影響を研究する。ペドロジーは自然環境における土壌の形成、状態の記述、分類をする。工学的には土壌はレゴリスに含まれる。レゴリスには母岩の上の土壌以外の物質も含まれ、地球以外の天体にも存在する。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Soil) |
data publication(s) found by GCMD Science Keywords) | - Supplementary material to B. Heim et al. (2008): Assembly and concept of a web-based GIS within the paleoclimate project CONTINENT (Lake Baikal, Siberia)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.SDDB.1202) - Pedology of the Lake Baikal region
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.SDDB.1212) - Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) Project
(DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds631.0/) - NCEP/DOE Reanalysis 2 Monthly Means
(DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds091.1/) - AmeriFlux Gap-Filled Data from Selected Sites
(DOI: https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds387.0/) - Soil Water at Agricultural Stations in the Former USSR (SWAS-USSR)
(DOI: https://ads.nipr.ac.jp/crdap/dataset/C20101214-003) - TERENO (Eifel-Rur), Eddy Covariance/Climate station Rollesbroich 1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.2016.004) - Köthen 2011/ 2012 - An EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/enmap.2017.002) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Sassen, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.061) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Toitz BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.065) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate stations of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscienes (GFZ)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.CL.2018.ALL) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Neu Tellin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.046) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Pustow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.052) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Seedorf BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.063) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Trittelwitz BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.068) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Ueckeritz, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.070) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Nielitz, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.047) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Nossendorf BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.049) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Passow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.050) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Roidin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.054) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Sanzkow BF2, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.060) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Teusin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.064) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Ueckeritz BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.071) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture stations of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscienes (GFZ)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.SM.2018.ALL) - Hydrometerological and gravity data from the Argentine-German Geodetic Observatory in La Plata
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.5.4.2018.001) - The processing and modelling of hydrometerological and gravity data at the Argentine-German Geodetic Observatory in La Plata
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.5.4.2018.002) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Muehlenkamp BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.044) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Voelschow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.074) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Verchen BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.073) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Wietzow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.078) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Warrenzin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.077) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Vorbein BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.076) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Volksdorf BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.075) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Zarnekla BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.082) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Zarnekla, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.081) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Wotenick BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.080) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Wilhelminenthal BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.079) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Zeitlow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.086) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Zeitlow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.085) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Zarrenthin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.084) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Zarrenthin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.083) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Muessentin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.045) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Trantow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.067) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Nielitz BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.048) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Rustow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.056) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Sassen BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.062) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Tutow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.069) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Upost BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.072) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Ploetz BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.051) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Quitzerow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.053) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Rustow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.055) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Rustow BF2, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.057) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Sanzkow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.058) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Sanzkow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.059) - ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Agricultural Sector
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.006) - ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Water (regional) Sector
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.007) - ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Water (global) Sector
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.010) - ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Water (global) Sector (V. 1.1)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.003) - ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.006) - ISIMIP2a Simulation Data from Permafrost Sector (V 1.1)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.007) - A global gridded data set on tillage (V. 1.1)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.009) - A global gridded data set on tillage - R-code (V. 1.1)
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.010) - A global gridded data set on tillage - R-code
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.013) - A global gridded data set on tillage
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.012) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Alt Tellin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.001) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Beestland, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.002) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Beggerow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.003) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Bentzin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.004) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Buchholz, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.005) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Droennewitz, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.006) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Goermin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.007) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Kletzin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.008) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Kruckow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.009) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Medrow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.010) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Metschow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.011) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Neu Tellin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.012) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Seedorf, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.013) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Sommersdorf, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.014) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Toitz, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.016) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Upost, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.017) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Verchen, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.018) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Volksdorf, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.019) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Warrenzin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.020) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Alt Plestlin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.001) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Alt Plestlin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.002) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Wotenick, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.DLR.2018.021) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Alt Tellin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.003) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Beestland BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.004) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Beggerow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.005) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Bentzin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.006) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Boeken, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.007) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Boeken BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.008) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Boeken BF2, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.009) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Boeken BF3, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.010) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Borrentin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.011) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Buchholz BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.012) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Demmin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.013) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Deven BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.014) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Droennewitz BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.015) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Eugenienberg BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.016) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Gatschow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.017) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Glendelin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.018) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Goermin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.019) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Goermin BF2, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.020) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Goermin BF3, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.021) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Grosszastrow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.022) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Grosszetelvitz, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.023) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Heydenhof, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.024) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Heydenhof BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.025) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Hohenbuessow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.026) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Jarmen BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.027) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Jarmen BF2, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.028) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Jarmen BF3, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.029) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Karlshof, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.030) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Kletzin BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.031) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Kletzin BF2, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.032) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Kruckow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.034) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Kuntzow, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.035) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Leppin, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.036) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Lindenfelde BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.037) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Marienfelde BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.038) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Medrow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.039) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Medrow BF2, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.040) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Medrow BF3, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.041) - TERENO (Northeast), Soil moisture station Metschow BF1, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.042) - TERENO (Northeast), Climate station Muehlenkamp, Germany
(DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.GFZ.2018.043)
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