| Abstract from DBPedia | A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the distinction from ions is dropped and molecule is often used when referring to polyatomic ions. A molecule may be homonuclear, that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, e.g. two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O2); or it may be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, e.g. water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H2O). In the kinetic theory of gases, the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition. This relaxes the requirement that a molecule contains two or more atoms, since the noble gases are individual atoms. Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are typically not considered single molecules. Concepts similar to molecules have been discussed since ancient times, but modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds began in the 17th century. Refined over time by scientists such as Robert Boyle, Amedeo Avogadro, Jean Perrin, and Linus Pauling, the study of molecules is today known as molecular physics or molecular chemistry.分子（ぶんし、英: molecule）とは、2つ以上の原子から構成される電荷的に中性な物質を指す。厳密には、分子は少なくとも1つ以上の振動エネルギー準位を持つほどに充分に深いエネルギーポテンシャル表面のくぼみを共有する原子の集まりを指す。ほとんどの原子は、同種あるいは異なる原子と化学結合により結びついて分子を形成する。 希ガスのように、単原子で安定な化学種を単原子分子と呼ぶことがある。2個の原子から成る分子は二原子分子、3個以上の原子から成る分子は多原子分子と呼ばれる。分子から電子が付加、あるいは脱離したイオンは分子イオンと呼ばれる。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Molecule) |
