| Abstract from DBPedia | Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid. It has various allotropes, but only the gray form, which has a metallic appearance, is important to industry. The primary use of arsenic is in alloys of lead (for example, in car batteries and ammunition). Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices. It is also a component of the III-V compound semiconductor gallium arsenide. Arsenic and its compounds, especially the trioxide, are used in the production of pesticides, treated wood products, herbicides, and insecticides. These applications are declining with the increasing recognition of the toxicity of arsenic and its compounds. are able to use arsenic compounds as respiratory metabolites. Trace quantities of arsenic are an essential dietary element in rats, hamsters, goats, chickens, and presumably other species. A role in human metabolism is not known. However, arsenic poisoning occurs in multicellular life if quantities are larger than needed. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a problem that affects millions of people across the world. The United States' Environmental Protection Agency states that all forms of arsenic are a serious risk to human health. The United States' Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ranked arsenic as number 1 in its 2001 Priority List of Hazardous Substances at Superfund sites. Arsenic is classified as a Group-A carcinogen.ヒ素（ヒそ、砒素、英: arsenic、羅: arsenicum）は、原子番号33の元素。元素記号は As。第15族元素（窒素族元素）の一つ。 最も安定で金属光沢があるため金属ヒ素とも呼ばれる「灰色ヒ素」、ニンニク臭があり透明なロウ状の柔らかい「黄色ヒ素」、黒リンと同じ構造を持つ「黒色ヒ素」と、「四ヒ素」の4つの同素体が存在する。灰色ヒ素は1気圧下において615 °Cで昇華する。 ファンデルワールス半径や電気陰性度等さまざまな点でリンに似た物理化学的性質を示し、それが生物への毒性の由来になっている。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Arsenic) |
