| Abstract from DBPedia | Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the contractor, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building also refers to saving resources to the maximum extent, including energy saving, land saving, water saving, material saving, etc., during the whole life cycle of the building, protecting the environment and reducing pollution, providing people with healthy, comfortable and efficient use of space, and being in harmony with nature Buildings that live in harmony. Green building technology focuses on low consumption, high efficiency, economy, environmental protection, integration and optimization.’ Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings which was developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. Other certificate systems that confirm the sustainability of buildings are the British BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) for buildings and large-scale developments or the DGNB System (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen e.V.) which benchmarks the sustainability performance of buildings, indoor environments and districts. Currently, the World Green Building Council is conducting research on the effects of green buildings on the health and productivity of their users and is working with the World Bank to promote Green Buildings in Emerging Markets through EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) Market Transformation Program and certification. There are also other tools such as Green Star in Australia, Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS) used in the Middle East and the Green Building Index (GBI) predominantly used in Malaysia. Building information modeling (BIM) is a process involving the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of places. Building information models (BIMs) are files (often but not always in proprietary formats and containing proprietary data) which can be extracted, exchanged, or networked to support decision-making regarding a building or other built asset. Current BIM software is used by individuals, businesses, and government agencies who plan, design, construct, operate and maintain diverse physical infrastructures, such as water, refuse, electricity, gas, communication utilities, roads, railways, bridges, ports, and tunnels. Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective of green buildings is to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:
* Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
* Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity (see healthy building)
* Reducing waste, pollution, and environmental degradation Natural building is a similar concept, usually on a smaller scale and focusing on the use of locally available natural materials. Other related topics include sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Although some green building programs don't address the issue of retrofitting existing homes, others do, especially through public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment. Green construction principles can easily be applied to retrofit work as well as new construction. A 2009 report by the U.S. General Services Administration found 12 sustainably-designed buildings that cost less to operate and have excellent energy performance. In addition, occupants were overall more satisfied with the building than those in typical commercial buildings. These are eco-friendly buildings.緑の建築（みどりのけんちく、またはグリーンビルディング、英語: green building）は、建築と敷地利用、エネルギーと水、資材の集積を高め、敷地・デザイン・建築・作業・維持・除去という完全な建築ライフスタイルを通して、人間の健康と環境に影響を与える建築の減少の実施を行うことである。定義にわずかな違いがあるが、緑の建築は時に「持続可能な建築（建物）」または「環境建築物」としても知られている。 緑の建築の実施は増大する生産力により削減された作業費用を含む利益とエネルギーと水の使用を低減させ、室内空気の質の改善がされるべき公衆および居住者の健康を導き、雨水流去水の減少によるヒートアイランド現象などの環境への影響を減少させる。 緑の建築は、持続可能なデザインによる持続可能な発達と一般の支持の関連している概念の欠くことのできない構成要素である。緑の建築の実施は、構造とそれを取り巻いている自然と造られた環境の間で生態学的だけでなく美学の調和を成し遂げることが求められる。持続可能な家や建物の外観やスタイルは、それらより持続可能でない酷似したものとほとんど識別不可能である。緑（環境保護）の設計は、例えば、受動太陽光や活性太陽光で太陽光を利用したり、光起電性技術と緑の屋根や雨庭で植物や木を利用して雨水の流出を減少させる、などの再生資源の有効利用をよく強調している。駐車場にコンクリートまたはアスファルトではなく、敷き詰められた砂利を使用して地下水の補給を高める、などの他の多くの技術がよく利用されている。 (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Green_building) |
