Disinfectant

prefLabel
  • disinfectant
definition
  • An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms.
inScheme
broader
Abstract from DBPedia
    A disinfectant is a chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces. Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme physical or chemical process that kills all types of life. Disinfectants are generally distinguished from other antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, which destroy microorganisms within the body, and antiseptics, which destroy microorganisms on living tissue. Disinfectants are also different from biocides—the latter are intended to destroy all forms of life, not just microorganisms.Disinfectants work by destroying the cell wall of microbes or interfering with their metabolism. It is also a form of decontamination, and can be defined as the process whereby physical or chemical methods are used to reduce the amount of pathogenic microorganisms on a surface. Disinfectants can also be used to destroy microorganisms on the skin and mucous membrane, as in the medical dictionary historically the word simply meant that it destroys microbes. Sanitizers are substances that simultaneously clean and disinfect. Disinfectants kill more germs than sanitizers. Disinfectants are frequently used in hospitals, dental surgeries, kitchens, and bathrooms to kill infectious organisms. Sanitizers are mild compared to disinfectants and are used majorly to clean things that are in human contact whereas disinfectants are concentrated and are used to clean surfaces like floors and building premises. Bacterial endospores are most resistant to disinfectants, but some fungi, viruses and bacteria also possess some resistance. In wastewater treatment, a disinfection step with chlorine, ultra-violet (UV) radiation or ozonation can be included as tertiary treatment to remove pathogens from wastewater, for example if it is to be discharged to a river or the sea where there body contact immersion recreations is practiced (Europe) or reused to irrigate golf courses (US). An alternative term used in the sanitation sector for disinfection of waste streams, sewage sludge or fecal sludge is sanitisation or sanitization.

    消毒薬（しょうどくやく、英: disinfectants）は、化学的機序により微生物やウイルスを死滅させ、感染力を失わせることを目的として使用される薬物の総称。なお、高水準消毒剤以外は、滅菌はできない。消毒薬の効果は濃度、温度、pH、有機物の有無、微生物の感受性、併用による相乗などの種々の要因により変化する。例えば、一般に消毒薬の温度が10°C上昇すれば、消毒に要する時間は1/2となる。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Disinfectant)

    A disinfectant is a chemical substance or compound used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms on inert surfaces. Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilization, which is an extreme physical or chemical process that kills all types of life. Disinfectants are generally distinguished from other antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, which destroy microorganisms within the body, and antiseptics, which destroy microorganisms on living tissue. Disinfectants are also different from biocides—the latter are intended to destroy all forms of life, not just microorganisms.Disinfectants work by destroying the cell wall of microbes or interfering with their metabolism. It is also a form of decontamination, and can be defined as the process whereby physical or chemical methods are used to reduce the amount of pathogenic microorganisms on a surface. Disinfectants can also be used to destroy microorganisms on the skin and mucous membrane, as in the medical dictionary historically the word simply meant that it destroys microbes. Sanitizers are substances that simultaneously clean and disinfect. Disinfectants kill more germs than sanitizers. Disinfectants are frequently used in hospitals, dental surgeries, kitchens, and bathrooms to kill infectious organisms. Sanitizers are mild compared to disinfectants and are used majorly to clean things that are in human contact whereas disinfectants are concentrated and are used to clean surfaces like floors and building premises. Bacterial endospores are most resistant to disinfectants, but some fungi, viruses and bacteria also possess some resistance. In wastewater treatment, a disinfection step with chlorine, ultra-violet (UV) radiation or ozonation can be included as tertiary treatment to remove pathogens from wastewater, for example if it is to be discharged to a river or the sea where there body contact immersion recreations is practiced (Europe) or reused to irrigate golf courses (US). An alternative term used in the sanitation sector for disinfection of waste streams, sewage sludge or fecal sludge is sanitisation or sanitization.

    消毒（しょうどく、英語: disinfection）とは、広義では人体に有害な物質を除去または無害化することであり、広義の消毒には化学物質の中和を含む。狭義では病原微生物を殺すこと（殺菌など）、または病原微生物の能力を減退させ病原性を無くすことである。無菌にすることではない。 類似する概念として滅菌や殺菌があるが意味が異なる。 * 滅菌 (sterilization)：病原性の有無を問わずすべての菌（細菌だけでなく、ウイルスやプリオンを含めたすべての生命体）を死滅させるか、除去することである（したがって滅菌は器具に対して行うものであり、人体あるいは患畜に対して行うことはできない）。病原性を無くすレベルの達成を目的とした消毒とは異なる。 * 殺菌 (bacteriocision)：菌を殺すことである。消毒の手段として殺菌が行われることがあるが、殺菌はせずに病原性を無くすことによって消毒が達成される場合もあるので意味合いが異なる。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Disinfectant)