Diffusion

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  • Diffusion
definition
  • In the oceans, a mixing process through which a component of seawater (e.g. salt) is transferred from a zone of higher concentration to a zone of lesser concentration.  
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broader
Abstract from DBPedia
    Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential. It is possible to diffuse "uphill" from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, like in spinodal decomposition. The concept of diffusion is widely used in many fields, including physics (particle diffusion), chemistry, biology, sociology, economics, and finance (diffusion of people, ideas, and price values). The central idea of diffusion, however, is common to all of these: a substance or collection undergoing diffusion spreads out from a point or location at which there is a higher concentration of that substance or collection. A gradient is the change in the value of a quantity, for example, concentration, pressure, or temperature with the change in another variable, usually distance. A change in concentration over a distance is called a concentration gradient, a change in pressure over a distance is called a pressure gradient, and a change in temperature over a distance is called a temperature gradient. The word diffusion derives from the Latin word, diffundere, which means "to spread out." A distinguishing feature of diffusion is that it depends on particle random walk, and results in mixing or mass transport without requiring directed bulk motion. Bulk motion, or bulk flow, is the characteristic of advection. The term convection is used to describe the combination of both transport phenomena. If a diffusion process can be described by Fick's laws, it's called a normal diffusion (or Fickian diffusion); Otherwise, it's called an anomalous diffusion (or non-Fickian diffusion). When talking about the extent of diffusion, two length scales are used in two different scenarios: 1. * Brownian motion of an impulsive point source (for example, one single spray of perfume)—the square root of the mean squared displacement from this point. In Fickian diffusion, this is , where is the dimension of this Brownian motion; 2. * Constant concentration source in one dimension—the diffusion length. In Fickian diffusion, this is .

    拡散(かくさん、英: diffusion)とは、粒子、熱、運動量、等が、散らばり、広がる、物理的な現象。この現象は着色した水を無色の水に滴下したとき、煙が空気中に広がるときなど、日常よく見られる。これらは、化学反応や外力ではなく、流体の乱雑な運動の結果として起こるものである。

    (Source: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Diffusion)

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